Groundwater
Official 01 Passage 1
Groundwater often remains underground for a long time before it emerges again.
(This choice is a detail) (There it remains, sometimes for long periods, before emerging at the surface again.)
The size of a saturated rock’s pores determines how much water it will retain when the rock is put in a dry place.
(This choice talks a lot)
F. Beds of unconsolidated sediments are typically located at inland sites that were once underwater.
(Sediments are also dropped where a river slows on entering a lake or the sea, the deposited sediments are on a lake floor or the seafloor at first, but will be located inland at some future date, when the sea level falls or the land rises; such beds are sometimes thousands of meters thick.)
This is a detail, and is not underwater.
You need have ability to distinguish details from generalizations.
Much of the water in a sample of water-saturated sediment or rock will drain from it if the sample is put in a suitable dry place. But some will remain, clinging to all solid surfaces. It is held there by the force of surface tension without which water would drain instantly from any wet surface, leaving it totally dry. The total volume of water in the saturated sample must therefore be thought of as consisting of water that can, and water that cannot, drain away.
Official 03 Passage 2
Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer
Ensue: to take place afterward or as a result
: following in time, order, or place
- subsequent events
Official 04 Passage 3
Petroleum Resources
As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments. The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries. Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean`s continental shelves-those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents. More than one-quarter of the world`s oil and almost one-fifth of the world`s natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land. A significant part of this oil and gas comes from under the North Sea between Great Britain and Norway.
(The main idea of this paragraph is people change the place to get oil, rather than emphasizing the platform or equipment)
Which of the following strategies for oil exploration is described in paragraph 4?
A. Drilling under the ocean’s surface
B. Limiting drilling to accessible locations
C. Using highly sophisticated drilling equipment
D. Constructing technologically advanced drilling platforms
Your need to need the main topic difference between this paragraph and the rest.
In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to
A. provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment
B. describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress
(This choice refers to the time when getting the oil)
C. give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment
D. explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spill
D. Petroleum tends to rise to the surface, since it is lower in density than water.
(This choice refers to an explanation related with oil formation)
B. The difficulty of finding adequate sources of oil on land has resulted in a greater number of offshore drilling sites.
This actually refers to the change of place to exploit.
Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line. Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults or landslides, causing serious oil spills. Spillage from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea. Offshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment. Sometimes, the ground at an oil field may subside as oil is removed. The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years; protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area. Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution. Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.
In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to
Click on an oval to select your answer. To choose a different answer,
click one different oval.
A provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment
B describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress
C give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment
D explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills
As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments. The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries. Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean`s continental shelves-those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents. More than one-quarter of the world`s oil and almost one-fifth of the world`s natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land. A significant part of this oil and gas comes from under the North Sea between Great Britain and Norway.
Which of the following strategies for oil exploration is described in paragraph 4?
Click on an oval to select your answer. To choose a different answer,
click one different oval.
ADrilling under the ocean’s surface
BLimiting drilling to accessible locations
CUsing highly sophisticated drilling equipment
DConstructing technologically advanced drilling platforms
Continued sedimentation-the process of deposits` settling on the sea bottom-buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.
This sentence has two parallel parts, so you should choose choice than contents this information.
Official 08 Passage 3
Running Water on Mars
Photographic evidence suggests that liquid water once existed in great quantity on the surface of Mars. Two types of flow features are seen: runoff channels and outflow channels. Runoff channels are found in the southern highlands. These flow features are extensive systems-sometimes hundreds of kilometers in total length-of interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys. Runoff channels on Mars speak of a time 4 billion years ago (the age of the Martian highlands), when the atmosphere was thicker, the surface warmer, and liquid water widespread.
What does the discussion in paragraph 1 of runoff channels in the southern highlands suggest about Mars?
A. The atmosphere of Mars was once thinner than it is today.
B. Large amounts of rain once fell on parts of Mars.
C. The river systems of Mars were once more extensive than Earth's.
D. The rivers of Mars began to dry up about 4 billion years ago.
To choose some answers, you need indirect ways.
Outflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. They appear only in equatorial regions and generally do not form extensive interconnected networks. Instead, they are probably the paths taken by huge volumes of water draining from the southern highlands into the northern plains. The onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped "islands" (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. Judging from the width and depth of the channels, the flow rates must have been truly enormous-perhaps as much as a hundred times greater than the 105 tons per second carried by the great Amazon river. Flooding shaped the outflow channels approximately 3 billion years ago, about the same times as the northern volcanic plains formed.
According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the outflow channels on Mars EXCEPT:
A. They formed at around the same time that volcanic activity was occurring on the northern plains.
B. They are found only on certain parts of the Martian surface.
C. They sometimes empty onto what appear to have once been the wet sands of tidal beaches.
D. They are thought to have carried water northward from the equatorial regions.
Aside from some small-scale gullies (channels) found since 2000, which are inconclusive, astronomers have no direct evidence for liquid water anywhere on the surface of Mars today, and the amount of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere is tiny. Yet even setting aside the unproven hints of ancient oceans, the extent of the outflow channels suggests that a huge total volume of water existed on Mars in the past. Where did all the water go? The answer may be that virtually all the water on Mars is now locked in the permafrost layer under the surface, with more contained in the planet' polar caps.
A. Mars' runoff and outflow channels are large-scale, distinctive features that suggest that large quantities of liquid water once flowed on Mars.
B. Although some researchers claim that Mars may once have had oceans, others dispute this, pointing to an absence of evidence or offering alternative interpretations of evidence.
C. Various types of images have been used to demonstrate that most of Martian surface contains evidence of flowing water.
D. The runoff and outflow channels of Mars apparently carried a higher volume of water and formed more extensive networks than do Earth's river systems.
E. There is very little evidence of liquid water on Mars today, and it is assumed that all the water that once existed on the planet is frozen beneath its surface.
F. While numerous gullies have been discovered on Mars since 2000, many astronomers dismiss them as evidence that Mars once had liquid water. (detail)
Official 04 Passage 2
Cave Art in Europe
Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe.
Same rather than different.
Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about painting in Europe?
A. It is much older than painting in Australia.
B. It is as much as 28,000 years old.
C. It is not as old as painting in southern Africa.
D. It is much more than 30,000 years old.
For some questions, you need to eliminate your choices in order to find the right answer.
We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill.
A. considerable
Also, you should know the overall structure.
Never spend too much time on one question, some questions are easy for you and you should not divide your time evenly.
For the listening part, don’t spend too much time at the beginning, or you may not have adequate time to finish all the questions.
Official 16 Passage 3
Trade and the Ancient Middle East
Trade was the mainstay of the urban economy in the Middle East, as caravans negotiated the surrounding desert, restricted only by access to water and by mountain ranges. This has been so since ancient times, partly due to the geology of the area, which is mostly limestone and sandstone, with few deposits of metallic ore and other useful materials. Ancient demands for obsidian (a black volcanic rock useful for making mirrors and tools) led to trade with Armenia to the north, while jade for cutting tools was brought from Turkistan, and the precious stone lapis lazuli was imported from Afghanistan. One can trace such expeditions back to ancient Sumeria, the earliest known Middle Eastern civilization. Records show merchant caravans and trading posts set up by the Sumerians in the surrounding mountains and deserts of Persia and Arabia, where they traded grain for raw materials, such as timber and stones, as well as for metals and gems.
Generally, I think. In order to have the right choice in reading, one has to understand the paragraph.
This paragraph mainly talks about this place don’t have …, so people here need to trade.
According to paragraph 1, why has trade been so important throughout the history of the Middle East?
A. The rare and valuable metals and stones found in Middle Eastern deserts have always been in high demand in surrounding areas.
B. Growing conditions throughout the Middle East are generally poor, forcing Middle Eastern \ people to depend on imported grain.
C. Many useful and decorative raw materials cannot be found naturally in the Middle East but are available from neighboring regions.
D. Frequent travel, due to limited water supplies in the Middle East, created many opportunities for trade with neighboring societies.
This mode of craft production favored the growth of self-governing and ideologically egalitarian craft guilds everywhere in the Middle Eastern city. These were essentially professional associations that provided for the mutual aid and protection of their members, and allowed for the maintenance of professional standards. The growth of independent guilds was furthered by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading; the government left working people to govern themselves, much as shepherds of tribal confederacies were left alone by their leaders. In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, worship, and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power.
According to paragraph 3, all of the following are true of the Middle Eastern craft guilds EXCEPT:
A. The guilds were created to support workers and to uphold principles of high-quality craft production.
B. Each guild was very large and included members from a broad geographic area.
C. The leaders of the guilds were chosen by popular vote.
D. All guild members were treated as equals.
For this question, you need to choose a right answer.
Dependence on long-distance trade also meant that the great empires of the Middle East were built both literally and figuratively on shifting sand. The central state, though often very rich and very populous, was intrinsically fragile, since the development of new international trade routes could undermine the monetary base and erode state power, as occurred when European seafarers circumvented Middle Eastern merchants after Vasco da Gama`s voyage around Africa in the late fifteenth-century opened up a southern route. The ecology of the region also permitted armed predators to prowl the surrounding barrens, which were almost impossible for a state to control. Peripheral peoples therefore had a great advantage in their dealings with the center, making government authority insecure and anxious.
In paragraph 5, why does the author mention the new trade route opened up by Vasco da Gama’s fifteenth-century voyage around Africa?
A. To provide evidence that European seafarers took every opportunity to bypass Middle Eastern merchants
B. To present an instance in which Middle Eastern states lost money and power because of their reliance on long-distance trade
C. To argue this new route became necessary when European seafarers wanted to avoid Middle Eastern states whose central power had begun to erode
D. To explain how da Gama helped European traders avoid the dangerous predators prowling the areas surrounding Middle Eastern cities
You need a choice to strengthen the previous sentence
A. Persian and Arabian merchants traveled great distances to sell their finished goods at the marketplaces of ancient Sumeria.
Detail
Not a point
The mercantile economy was also characterized by a peculiar moral stance that is typical of people who live by trade-an attitude that is individualistic, calculating, risk taking, and adaptive to circumstances. As among tribespeople, personal relationships and a careful weighing of character have always been crucial in a mercantile economy with little regulation, where one`s word is one`s bond and where informal ties of trust cement together an international trade network. Nor have merchants and artisans ever had much tolerance for aristocratic professions of moral superiority, favoring instead an egalitarian ethic of the open market, where steady hard work, the loyalty of one`s fellows, and entrepreneurial skill make all the difference. And, like the pastoralists, Middle Eastern merchants and artisans unhappy with their environment could simply pack up and leave for greener pastures-an act of self-assertion wholly impossible in most other civilizations throughout history.
For this paragraph, you need to aware different parts, because the information not only appeared in one area.
Official 33 Passage 3
The First Civilizations
In some cases, the physical division within the first cities reflected the strict hierarchical character of the society as a whole, with a royal palace surrounded by an imposing wall and separate from the remainder of the urban population.
This “and” equals to “thus”
According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT a reason why governments first arose among agricultural communities?
A. A significant increase in population
B. The desire to control water resources for irrigation
C. The need for protection from outside forces
D. The demand for organized communication with other communities
The one you need to choose a wrong statement.
Official 22 Passage 2
The Birth of Photography
The rapid technical development of photography-the introduction of lighter and simpler equipment, and of new emulsions that coated photographic plates, film, and paper and enabled images to be made at much faster speeds-had some unanticipated consequences. Scientific experiments made by photographers such as Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904) and Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) demonstrated that the movements of both humans and animals differed widely from the way they had been traditionally represented in art. Artists, often reluctantly, were forced to accept the evidence provided by the camera. (This sentence explains the first attitude of artists towards the finding)The new candid photography-unposed pictures that were made when the subjects were unaware that their pictures were being taken-confirmed these scientific results, and at the same time, thanks to the radical cropping (trimming) of images that the camera often imposed, suggested new compositional formats. (Finding related sentences is very necessary) The accidental effects obtained by candid photographers were soon being copied by artists such as the French painter Degas.
Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 8 as a benefit that artists derived from photography?
A. It inspired artists to use technological themes in their painting.
B. It lent prestige to those artists who used photographs as models for paintings.
This is a wrong choice, which provides unmentioned information.
C. It provided artists with new types of equipment to speed up the painting process.
D. It motivated artists to think about new ways to compose images in their paintings.
I want to mention two things. First, for reading section, you really need to understand certain sentence.
Two things:
Find it.
Understand it.
Perceptions of the visible world were greatly altered by the invention of photography in the middle of the nineteenth century. In particular, and quite logically, the art of painting was forever changed, though not always in the ways one might have expected. The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently aware of photography -as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.
Unlike most major inventions, photography had been long and impatiently awaited. (Like this sentence, you really don’t have the ability to read it through, instead what you should do is quickly find the main parts of the sentence. For other information, you should give a very general look. If you simply not pay attentions to it, you may need go back to search for the information several times) The images produced by the camera obscura, a boxlike device that used a pinhole or lens to throw an image onto a ground-glass screen or a piece of white paper, were already familiar-the device had been much employed by topographical artists like the Italian painter Canaletto in his detailed views of the city of Venice. What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. (This information is really hard to discern) This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.
What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the effect of photography on nineteenth century painting?
A. Photography did not significantly change the way people looked at reality.
B. Most painters used the images of the camera obscura in preference to those of the daguerreotype.
C. Painters who were concerned with realistic or naturalistic representation were particularly influenced by photography.
D. Artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to.
No mentioned
It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that one effect that photography had on painting was that it
A. provided painters with new insights into how humans and animals actually move
B. showed that representing movement could be as interesting as portrait art
C. increased the appeal of painted portraiture among the wealthy
D. influenced artists to improve techniques for painting faster
Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete-the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature. It also made the whole business of making and owning images democratic. Portraiture, once a luxury for the privileged few, was suddenly well within the reach of many more people.
This paragraph tests your ability to understand a sentence.
What point does the author make in paragraph 6?
A. Paintings became less expensive because of competition with photography.
(providing a false reason)
B. Photography, unlike painting, was a type of portraiture that even ordinary people could afford.
C. Every style of painting was influenced by the invention of photography.
D. The daguerreotype was more popular than the calotype.
Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Photography did not replace other fine arts because people felt the image looked cheap in relation to the other arts.
B. Photography was not considered a true art because people could use it to create many images cheaply.
C. Photography was so cheap and readily available that it could be purchased by people who were too poor to purchase fine art.
D. Photography not only spread quickly but also was a cheap art form and so became the successor of fine arts rather than its poor relation.
You need to first find the relationship and at the same time, which parts are stressed.
Official 50 Passage 3
Star Death
Stars generate the energy that makes them shine as a by-product of nuclear fusion and not by shrinking, as scientists had once believed.
A. The Sun is a good example of a Population I star because the Sun generates its energy through nuclear fusion rather than through contraction.(if we choose this choice, we then need a whole paragraph to explain this)
B. Population II stars, the oldest stars, are formed from hydrogen and helium gases, and they shine until they exhaust their fusible material.
(first paragraph)
C. In the Milky Way, Population I stars are found in and around the central bulge and Population II stars are found in the galactic disk.
(detail)
D. Population I stars, including the Sun, are relatively young stars that are mostly hydrogen and helium gas but also contain heavier elements.
(Third paragraph)
E. The Sun and stars like it will separate into inner cores and outer envelopes before all nuclear reactions in the cores stop and the stars finally die. (when raising reasons, seldomly they are the right choice)
F. The outer envelope of the Sun and stars like it will release their energy into space, and the inner cores will become white dwarfs before they finally give off their last energy.
(Last paragraph)
.
The dramatic expansion of the railroad network in the 1850s, however, strained the financing capacity of local governments and required a turn toward private investment, which had never been absent from the picture.
A. Private investment in railroads began in the 1850s (information error) following the dramatic expansion of the railroad network, which had been financed by local governments.
B. Railroads’ relations with local governments became strained in the 1850s, when railroads turned to private investors for financing to expand their capacity.
C. Local governments’ limited capacity to finance railroad expansion was a long-standing problem that railroads solved in the 1850s by turning toward private investment.
D. When local governments could not adequately finance the railroads’ dramatic expansion in the 1850s, private investment became increasingly important.
Always exist
A. Increased rail line between the East and the Midwest resulted in the rapid rise of major Midwestern cities such as Chicago, as well as in the growth of small towns along railroad routes. (first, second and third)
B. Once Chicago became a major commercial hub with direct rail connections to New Orleans and the East, Midwestern farmers were no longer limited to selling most of their products locally.
C. Real estate speculation by railroads in the 1850s drove up the value of farmland and encouraged many Midwestern farmers to sell their land and make a new life in the cities.
D. State government financing of railroads largely ended in the 1830s and was replaced by a combination of local and federal government support and money from private investors. (4th)
E. Both canals and railroads fell out of public favor in the early 1840s, but by the mid-1850s the economic benefits of railroads had once again become generally recognized.
F. In the 1850s railroads turned to investment banks in New York City for capital to expand and by doing so, helped establish the city as the main financial center in the United States. (5th)
Finding some keyword from the passage directly is a good idea.
Official 50 Passage 2
The Achievement of Brazilian Independence
The word "anarchy" in the passage is closest in meaning to
B. disorder
The French invasion of Portugal in 1807 followed by the flight of the Portuguese court (sovereign and government officers) to Rio de Janeiro brought large benefits to Brazil. Indeed, the transfer of the court in effect signified achievement of Brazilian independence. The Portuguese prince and future King João VI opened Brazil`s ports to the trade of friendly nations, permitted the rise of local industries, and founded the Bank of Brazil. In 1815 he elevated Brazil to the legal status of a kingdom coequal with Portugal. (Therefore, although still closely linked to Portugal, Brazil was no longer formally considered a colony.) (You need to know, because of what then ”therefore”)In one sense, however, Brazil's new status signified the substitution of one dependence for another. Freed from Portuguese control, Brazil came under the economic dominance of England, which obtained major tariff concessions and other privileges by the Strangford Treaty of 1810 between Portugal and Great Britain. The treaty provided for the importation of British manufactures into Brazil and the export of Brazilian agricultural produce to Great Britain. One result was an influx of cheap machine-made goods that swamped the handicrafts industry of the country.
Brazilian elites took satisfaction in Brazil`s new role and the growth of educational, cultural, and economic opportunities for their class. But the feeling was mixed with resentment toward the thousands of Portuguese courtiers (officials) and hangers-on who came with the court and who competed with Brazilians for jobs and favors. Thus, the change in the status of Brazil sharpened the conflict between Portuguese elites born in Brazil and elites born in Portugal and loyal to the Portuguese crown.
The event that precipitated the break with the mother country was the revolution of 1820 in Portugal. The Portuguese revolutionaries framed a liberal constitution for the kingdom, but they were conservative or reactionary in relation to Brazil. They demanded the immediate return of King João to Lisbon, an end to the system of dual monarchy that he had devised, and the restoration of the Portuguese commercial monopoly. Timid and vacillating, King João did not know which way to turn. Under the pressure of his courtiers, who hungered to return to Portugal and their lost estates, he finally approved the new constitution and sailed for Portugal. He left behind him, however, his son and heir, Pedro, and in a private letter advised him that in the event the Brazilians should (if) demand independence, he should assume leadership of the movement and set the crown of Brazil on his head.
In paragraph 4, why does the author mention that King João’s courtiers "hungered to return to Portugal and their lost estates"?
This only serves as an explanation
A. To illustrate how conservative (too far) the courtiers were
B. To help explain the position taken by the courtiers
C. To give an example of the effects (here have no effect) produced by the revolution
D. To show why King João advised his son the way he did
(attitude)
Soon it became clear that the Portuguese parliament intended to set the clock back by abrogating all the liberties and concessions won by Brazil since 1808. One of its decrees insisted on the immediate return of Pedro from Brazil. The pace of events moved more rapidly in 1822. On January 9, urged on by Brazilian advisers who perceived a golden opportunity to make an orderly transition to independence without the intervention of the masses, Pedro refused an order from the parliament to return to Portugal, saying famously, "I remain". On September 7, regarded by all Brazilians as Independence Day, he issued the even more celebrated proclamation, "Independence or death!" In December 1822, having overcome slight resistance by Portuguese troops, Dom Pedro was formally proclaimed constitutional Emperor of Brazil.
Paragraphs 4 and 5 support the idea that Brazil’s move to declare independence in 1822 was primarily the result of
A. the revolutionaries' demand that King João return to Portugal
B. Portugal's apparent intention to return Brazil to the status of a colony
C. King João's decision to leave his son Pedro in Brazil
D. the growing threat of intervention by the Brazilian masses
First, an intention and then the actions
A. Major conspiracies against Portuguese dominance developed in regions where governmental control over Brazil’s economy had produced a spirit of revolt among Brazilian merchants.(detail)
B. The presence of King João and his court in Rio de Janeiro created competition and tension with the Portuguese elites born in Brazil, who had no loyalties to the Portuguese crown.
C. King João effectively freed Brazil from Portugal’s political and economic control and in 1815 elevated Brazil to the legal status of a kingdom coequal with Portugal. (2th)
D. After the Portuguese revolution in 1820, Portugal attempted to reestablish complete control over Brazil; but although King João returned to Lisbon, Pedro, his son and heir, remained in Brazil.(4th)
E. After freeing itself from Portuguese control, Brazil almost immediately fell under the control of England, which used its economic power to advance Brazil’s local industry for England’s benefit. (not the important information)
F. In 1822 Dom Pedro refused Portugal’s demand that he return, declared Brazil’s independence, and by the year’s end had become constitutional Emperor of an independent Brazil.(Last)
There are two ways to create a wrong choice
1. provide details information, which seems neglectable for the theme
2. add some new information
Like
Comparison
Add more to the subject (the one who has the influence and the one who exerts)
