Docker
安装Docker
curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh
# 或
curl -sSL http://acs-public-mirror.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/docker-engine/internet | sh
# 查看版本
docker -v
# 启动服务
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
# 验证docker安装成功
docker run hello-world
Docker命令
容器命令
- 查看命令
# 查看所有容器包括停止的
docker ps -a
# 查看运行容器状态
docker ps
# 查看最后一次运行容器信息
docker ps -l
# 查看容器日志
docker logs <ID|容器名称>
# 进入容器
docker exec -it <ID|容器名称> /bin/bash
# 查看容器详情
docker inspect
- 操作命令
# 停止容器
docker stop <ID|容器名称>
# 启动之前已经停止的docker_run镜像
docker start <ID|容器名称>
# 删除容器(需停止容器后再删除)
docker rm -f <ID|容器名称>
镜像命令
- 查看命令
# 查看本地所有镜像
docker images
- 操作命令
# 运行镜像
# docker run --name yijitomcat --privileged -p 8080:8080 -v $PWD/tomcat/logs:/home/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/logs --mount type=volume,src=$PWD/tomcat/conf,dst=/home/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/conf -d mytomcat
docker run --name <容器名称> --privileged -p <宿主机映射端口>:<容器被映射端口> -v <宿主机映射目录>:<容器被映射目录> -d <镜像名称|镜像ID>
# 删除镜像
docker rmi <imageId>
# 拉取镜像
docker pull <镜像名称:版本>
# 查找镜像
docker search <镜像名称>
Volume相关操作
# 新增卷
docker volume create --name volumeName
# 查看卷详情
docker volume inspect myVolume
# 查看卷列表
docker volume list
# 挂载到镜像
docker run -d --name yijitomcat -v volumeName:/home/tomcat mytomcat
# 删除镜像时删除挂载
docker rm -v -f yijitomcat
# 查看孤卷
docker volume ls -qf dangling=true
# 删除孤卷
docker volume rm $(docker volume ls -qf dangling=true)
# 授权一个容器访问另一个容器的Volume
docker run -d --volumes-from <另外一个容器> -t <tag> <镜像名称>
Docker的持久化和还原
持久化镜像
docker save <imageId>> /tmp/save_image.tar
持久化容器
docker export <containerId> > /tmp/export_container.tar
导入持久化的镜像
# 加载镜像
docker load < /tmp/save_image.tar
# 为镜像打TAG
docker tag <imageId> load:tag
导入持久化的容器
# 注意,导入之后是生成新的镜像而不是容器!
cat /tmp/export_container.tar | docker import - <imageName>:<imageTag>
两种方式的比较
导出容器再导入为镜像的方式会丢失历史信息,而保存镜像再加载为镜像的方式不会丢失历史和层,可以做到层回滚,从下图两者的大小亦可看出些许端倪。
DockerFile
简单例子
docker build -t runoob/centos:6.7 .
- -t :指定要创建的目标镜像名
- . :Dockerfile 文件所在目录,可以指定Dockerfile 的绝对路径
搭建Tomcat镜像例子
FROM centos
LABEL maintainer jlcon@qq.com
WORKDIR /home
ENV LANG C.UTF-8
RUN echo "zhun bei zi yuan..."
# ADD可自动解压文件
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz /home
ADD jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz /home
ADD which /usr/bin
ENV CATALINA_HOME /home/apache-tomcat-8.5.31
ENV JAVA_HOME /home/jdk1.8.0_171
ENV PATH $CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
CMD ["/home/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
自定义镜像
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://nwgq096a.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], #镜像加速地址
"insecure-registries":["192.168.116.148:5000"] # Docker如果需要从非SSL源管理镜像,这里加上。
"max-concurrent-downloads": 10,
"live-restore": true
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
加速器
curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://8431ce13.m.daocloud.io
Daemon.json 文件全览
{
"authorization-plugins": [],
"data-root": "",
"dns": [],
"dns-opts": [],
"dns-search": [],
"exec-opts": [],
"exec-root": "",
"experimental": false,
"storage-driver": "",
"storage-opts": [],
"labels": [],
"live-restore": true,
"log-driver": "",
"log-opts": {},
"mtu": 0,
"pidfile": "",
"cluster-store": "",
"cluster-store-opts": {},
"cluster-advertise": "",
"max-concurrent-downloads": 3,
"max-concurrent-uploads": 5,
"default-shm-size": "64M",
"shutdown-timeout": 15,
"debug": true,
"hosts": [],
"log-level": "",
"tls": true,
"tlsverify": true,
"tlscacert": "",
"tlscert": "",
"tlskey": "",
"swarm-default-advertise-addr": "",
"api-cors-header": "",
"selinux-enabled": false,
"userns-remap": "",
"group": "",
"cgroup-parent": "",
"default-ulimits": {},
"init": false,
"init-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-init",
"ipv6": false,
"iptables": false,
"ip-forward": false,
"ip-masq": false,
"userland-proxy": false,
"userland-proxy-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-proxy",
"ip": "0.0.0.0",
"bridge": "",
"bip": "",
"fixed-cidr": "",
"fixed-cidr-v6": "",
"default-gateway": "",
"default-gateway-v6": "",
"icc": false,
"raw-logs": false,
"allow-nondistributable-artifacts": [],
"registry-mirrors": [],
"seccomp-profile": "",
"insecure-registries": [],
"no-new-privileges": false,
"default-runtime": "runc",
"oom-score-adjust": -500,
"node-generic-resources": ["NVIDIA-GPU=UUID1", "NVIDIA-GPU=UUID2"],
"runtimes": {
"cc-runtime": {
"path": "/usr/bin/cc-runtime"
},
"custom": {
"path": "/usr/local/bin/my-runc-replacement",
"runtimeArgs": [
"--debug"
]
}
}
}
- debug: it changes the daemon to debug mode when set to true.
- cluster-store: it reloads the discovery store with the new address.
- cluster-store-opts: it uses the new options to reload the discovery store.
- cluster-advertise: it modifies the address advertised after reloading.
- labels: it replaces the daemon labels with a new set of labels.
- live-restore: Enables keeping containers alive during daemon downtime.
- max-concurrent-downloads: it updates the max concurrent downloads for each pull.
- max-concurrent-uploads: it updates the max concurrent uploads for each push.
- default-runtime: it updates the runtime to be used if not is specified at container creation. It defaults to “default” which is the runtime - shipped with the official docker packages.
- runtimes: it updates the list of available OCI runtimes that can be used to run containers
- authorization-plugin: specifies the authorization plugins to use.
- allow-nondistributable-artifacts: Replaces the set of registries to which the daemon will push nondistributable artifacts with a new set of - registries.
- insecure-registries: it replaces the daemon insecure registries with a new set of insecure registries. If some existing insecure registries in - daemon’s configuration are not in newly reloaded insecure resgitries, these existing ones will be removed from daemon’s config.
- registry-mirrors: it replaces the daemon registry mirrors with a new set of registry mirrors. If some existing registry mirrors in daemon’s - configuration are not in newly reloaded registry mirrors, these existing ones will be removed from daemon’s config.
搭建私有仓库
拉取registry镜像
docker pull registry
打开防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5000/tcp --permanent
启动
docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --privileged=true -v /opt/registry:/tmp/registry registry
- -d 是后台启动容器。
- -p 将容器的 5000 端口映射到 Host 的 5000 端口。5000 是 registry 服务端口。
- -v 将容器 /tmp/registry目录映射到宿主机的/opt/registry,用于存放镜像数据。
- –privileged=true :CentOS7中的安全模块selinux把权限禁掉了,参数给容器加特权,不加上传镜像会报权限错误(OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: ‘/tmp/registry/repositories/liibrary’)或者(Received unexpected HTTP status: 500 Internal Server Error)错误
上传镜像到私服
# 通过 docker tag重命名镜像,使之与registry匹配。
docker tag <tagName> <ip>:<port:5000>/<name>:<版本号>
# 上传
docker push <ip>:5000/<name>:<版本号>
# 下载
docker pull <ip>:5000/wsf:v1
# 查看Registry中所有镜像信息
curl http://<ip>:5000/v2/_catalog
参考资料
- Docker 教程
- docker使用总结
- Docker官方手册
- Dockerfile 官方文档
- Docker实践(二):容器的管理(创建、查看、启动、终止、删除)
- Docker之应用数据管理(volume/bind mount/tmpfs)