PyQT实现多窗口切换

最近做个软件，用PyQT写的，在实现菜单栏点击弹出新窗口的时候严重被卡壳，发现用WxPython的思想和方式来做完全无法实现。PyQT的中文资料实在是太少了。看了点英文资料和QT的资料，逆推PyQT的实现方法，总算搞定。下面是一个小demo。

主界面的代码如下所示：

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
from dialog1 import Dialog1
from dialog2 import Dialog2
import sys

try:
  _fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8
except AttributeError:
  def _fromUtf8(s):
    return s

try:
  _encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8
  def _translate(context, text, disambig):
    return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding)
except AttributeError:
  def _translate(context, text, disambig):
    return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig)

class MainWindow(QtGui.QWidget):

  dialog1_signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal()     #定义一个无参数的信号，串口设定与子站初始化信号
  dialog2_signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal()     #定义一个无参数的信号，串口设定与子站初始化信号
  exit_signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal()     #定义一个无参数的信号，串口设定与子站初始化信号

  def __init__(self):
    super(MainWindow,self).__init__()

  def setupUi(self, Form):
    Form.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("Form"))
    Form.resize(400, 300)
    self.form = Form
    self.pushButton = QtGui.QPushButton(Form)
    self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(70, 90, 75, 23))
    self.pushButton.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton"))
    self.pushButton_2 = QtGui.QPushButton(Form)
    self.pushButton_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 90, 75, 23))
    self.pushButton_2.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton_2"))
    self.pushButton_3 = QtGui.QPushButton(Form)
    self.pushButton_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(150, 160, 75, 23))
    self.pushButton_3.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton_3"))
    self.label = QtGui.QLabel(Form)
    self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(170, 40, 54, 16))
    self.label.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("label"))

    self.retranslateUi(Form)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

    #信号连接到指定槽
    self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.on_pushButton_clicked)
    self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.on_pushButton_2_clicked)
    self.pushButton_3.clicked.connect(self.on_pushButton_3_clicked)


  def retranslateUi(self, Form):
    Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form", None))
    self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Form", "进入dialog1", None))
    self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("Form", "进入dialog2", None))
    self.pushButton_3.setText(_translate("Form", "退出", None))
    self.label.setText(_translate("Form", "主窗体", None))

  def on_pushButton_clicked(self):
    self.form.hide()
    Form1 = QtGui.QDialog()
    ui = Dialog1()
    ui.setupUi(Form1)
    Form1.show()
    Form1.exec_()
    self.form.show()

  def on_pushButton_3_clicked(self, Form):
    #QtCore.QObject.connect( self.pushButton_3, QtCore.SIGNAL("clicked()"), self, QtCore.SLOT(quit()))
    #也可以这样
    self.form.close()

  def on_pushButton_2_clicked(self):
    self.form.close()
    Form1 = QtGui.QDialog()
    ui = Dialog2()
    ui.setupUi(Form1)
    Form1.show()
    Form1.exec_()
    self.form.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
  Form = QtGui.QWidget()
  window = MainWindow()
  window.setupUi(Form)
  Form.show()
  sys.exit(app.exec_())

  pass

Dialog1界面的代码如下：

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui


try:
  _fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8
except AttributeError:
  def _fromUtf8(s):
    return s

try:
  _encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8
  def _translate(context, text, disambig):
    return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding)
except AttributeError:
  def _translate(context, text, disambig):
    return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig)

class Dialog1(QtGui.QWidget):
  def setupUi(self, Dialog):
    Dialog.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("Dialog"))
    Dialog.resize(400, 300)
    self.form = Dialog
    self.label = QtGui.QLabel(Dialog)
    self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(180, 50, 54, 12))
    self.label.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("label"))
    self.dialog1_pushButton = QtGui.QPushButton(Dialog)
    self.dialog1_pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(160, 130, 75, 23))
    self.dialog1_pushButton.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton"))

    self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)

    #信号连接到指定槽
    self.dialog1_pushButton.clicked.connect(self.on_dialog1_pushButton_clicked)

  def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
    Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog", None))
    self.label.setText(_translate("Dialog", "dialog1", None))
    self.dialog1_pushButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "返回主窗体", None))

  def on_dialog1_pushButton_clicked(self):
    self.form.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
  import sys
  app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
  Dialog = QtGui.QDialog()
  ui = Dialog1()
  ui.setupUi(Dialog)
  Dialog.show()
  sys.exit(app.exec_())

Dialog2界面的代码如下：
[python] view plain copy
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui


try:
  _fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8
except AttributeError:
  def _fromUtf8(s):
    return s

try:
  _encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8
  def _translate(context, text, disambig):
    return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding)
except AttributeError:
  def _translate(context, text, disambig):
    return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig)

class Dialog2(object):
  def setupUi(self, Dialog):
    Dialog.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("Dialog"))
    Dialog.resize(400, 300)
    self.form = Dialog
    self.label = QtGui.QLabel(Dialog)
    self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(180, 60, 54, 12))
    self.label.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("label"))
    self.pushButton = QtGui.QPushButton(Dialog)
    self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(160, 140, 75, 23))
    self.pushButton.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton"))

    self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)

    #信号连接到指定槽
    self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.on_pushButton_clicked)

  def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
    Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog", None))
    self.label.setText(_translate("Dialog", "dialog2", None))
    self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "返回主窗体", None))

  def on_pushButton_clicked(self):
    self.form .close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
  import sys
  app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
  Dialog = QtGui.QDialog()
  ui = Dialog2()
  ui.setupUi(Dialog)
  Dialog.show()
  sys.exit(app.exec_())

按钮绑定到新弹出界面的处理函数，使用的槽连接方式为：

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self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.on_pushButton_clicked)

如果是Menu项绑定到新弹出界面的处理函数，则应使用的槽连接方式为：

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QtCore.QObject.connect(self.set_value_menu, QtCore.SIGNAL(_fromUtf8("triggered()")), self.open_set_value_form)

二者使用的槽处理函数基本一致。
若不显示原界面，只需将原界面hide()即可，如：

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self.form.hide()

若需在弹出新窗口时同时原窗口保持可见，则不需这一步。且在这种情况下，若要原窗口可选为顶层窗体，则在显示新窗口时应使用show()：

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Form1.show()

若新窗口为固定的顶层窗体，原窗体被遮盖，则应使用exec_()：

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Form1.exec_()