学校的Oracle数据库课程
知识点总结及实验练习
Oracle数据查询设计 的知识点总结
SQL CREATE VIEW 语法
CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
注：
1 子查询可以包含复杂的SELECT语句，
2 子查询不能包含ORDER BY 字句。
数值函数常用函数列表
| 数值函数 | 返回值 |
|---|---|
| ABS(n) | 绝对值 |
| ROUND(n [,m]) | 返回将 n 四舍五入到小数点右边 m 位的值。当 m 忽略时，四舍五入到个位。当 m 为负时，四舍五入到下数点左边数字。 |
| CEIL(n) | 返回大于或等于 n 的最小整数。 |
| FLOOR(n) | 返回等于或小于 n 的最大整数。 |
| MOD(m,n) | 返回 m 除以 n 的余数，如果 n=0**，则返回** m**。** |
| SIGN(n) | 当 n<0**，返回** -1**，当** n=0**，返回** 0**，当** n>0**，返回** 1**。** |
| SQRT(n) | 返回 n 的平方根。 |
| TRUNC(n [,m]) | 返回在 m 位截断的 n 值，当 m 忽略，在 0 **位截断；**m 为负，将小数点左边 m 个数字截断。 |
条件表达式
–条件表达式**：在SQL语句内，提供的IF-THEN-ELSE逻辑表达式。有两种方法
CASE 表达式
DECODE函数
CASE expr WHEN comparison_expr1 THEN return_expr1
[WHEN comparison_expr2 THEN return_expr2
WHEN comparison_exprn THEN return_exprn
ELSE else_expr]
END
SELECT ename, job, sal,
CASE job WHEN 'ANALYST' THEN 1.10*sal
WHEN 'CLERK' THEN 1.15*sal
WHEN 'SALESMAN' THEN 1.20*sal
ELSE sal
END
REVISED_SALARY
FROM emp;
条件表达式DECODE函数
DECODE(col|expression, search1, result1
[, search2, result2,...,]
[, default])
SELECT ename, job, sal,
DECODE(job, 'ANALYST', 1.10*sal,
'CLERK', 1.15*sal,
'SALESMAN', 1.20*sal,
sal)
REVISED_SALARY
FROM emp;
函数的嵌套
SELECT Ename,
NVL(TO_CHAR(mgr), 'No Manager')
FROM emp
WHERE mgr IS NULL;
连接查询
相等连接
SELECT table1.column, table2.column
FROM table1, table2
WHERE table1.column1 = table2.column2;
不相等连接
SELECT e.ename, e.sal, s.grade
FROM emp e, salgrade s
WHERE e.sal
BETWEEN s.losal AND s.hisal;
外连接
--左连接
SELECT table.column, table.column
FROM table1, table2
WHERE table1.column(+) = table2.column;
--右连接
SELECT table.column, table.column
FROM table1, table2
WHERE table1.column = table2.column(+);
递归查询（树查询）
--根据员工的管辖关系，显示员工的上下级关系树
SELECT lpad(ename,length(ename)+(level-1)*3,'-') employee,level
FROM emp
START WITH ename = 'KING'
CONNECT BY PRIOR empno = mgr;
--查询员工JONES所有下属员工
SELECT empno, ename,level
FROM emp
START WITH ename = 'JONES'
CONNECT BY PRIOR empno = mgr;
--查询员工JONES所有上级员工
SELECT empno, ename,level
FROM emp
START WITH ename = 'JONES'
CONNECT BY PRIOR mgr= empno ;
实验练习
1、编写SQL创建视图view_getTeacherbyDeptID，获取信息技术学院及其下属部门的所有教师信息。
2、编写SQL创建视图view_getTeacherCountbyProfess，统计各个职称级别的教师人数。
3、编写SQL创建视图view_getCourseCountForTearch，统计任课表中各教师的授课数。
4、编写SQL，统计所有教师的授课数。
（个人解法，不一定最优）
/*任务1…*/
DROP VIEW view_getTeacherbyDeptID;
CREATE VIEW view_getTeacherbyDeptID AS
SELECT *
FROM Teacher
WHERE Dept_ID IN (SELECT Dept_ID FROM Dept WHERE Parent_ID ='080');
SELECT * FROM view_getTeacherbyDeptID;
/*任务2…*/
DROP VIEW view_getTeacherCountbyProfess;
CREATE VIEW view_getTeacherCountbyProfess AS
SELECT Profess, COUNT(Teacher.Profess) AS nums
FROM Teacher GROUP BY Profess
order by decode(Profess,'教授',1,'副教授',2,'讲师',3,'助教',4);
SELECT * FROM view_getTeacherCountbyProfess;
/*任务3…*/
CREATE VIEW view_getCourseCountForTearch AS
SELECT COUNT(TC.Course_ID) as "ID",TC.Teacher_id,(SELECT Tname FROM Teacher WHERE Teacher_ID =TC.Teacher_id) as "name"
FROM TC GROUP BY Teacher_ID;
SELECT * FROM view_getCourseCountForTearch;
/*任务4…*/
--CREATE VIEW view_getCourseCountForAllTearch AS
select *
from Teacher a,TC b where a.Teacher_ID(+)=b.Teacher_ID;
--提供表格1
(-2.48) CzechREM DROP USER jxgl CASCADE;
REM GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE,CREATE VIEW,UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO jxgl IDENTIFIED BY jxgl ;
REM CONNECT jxgl/jxgl
CREATE TABLE Sys_User
(UserID Number Primary Key,
UserName Varchar2(20) NOT NULL,
UserType Number(1),
UserPwd Varchar2(40),
Remark Varchar2(200));
/
INSERT INTO Sys_User VALUES('1','Adimin', '1', 'Admin', null);
INSERT INTO Sys_User VALUES('2','Zhang', '2', 'Zhang', null);
CREATE TABLE Dept
(Dept_ID varchar2(3) primary key,
Dept_name Varchar2(30),
Director varchar(12),
Parent_ID varchar2(3) references Dept(Dept_ID)
);
/
INSERT INTO Dept VALUES('000','新世纪科技大学','刘忠明',NULL);
INSERT INTO Dept VALUES('070','经贸学院','李强','000');
INSERT INTO Dept VALUES('080','信息技术学院','胡明新','000');
INSERT INTO Dept VALUES('071','会计系','张志红','070');
INSERT INTO Dept VALUES('072','物流系','刘炎','070');
INSERT INTO Dept VALUES('073','电商系','王军','070');
INSERT INTO Dept VALUES('081','计算机科学系','李祥生','080');
INSERT INTO Dept VALUES('082','信息管理系','刘存勇','080');
INSERT INTO Dept VALUES('083','网络功能系','方刚','080');
CREATE TABLE Class
(Class_ID varchar2(5) primary key,
Class_name Varchar2(45),
Dept_ID varchar2(3) references Dept(Dept_ID)
);
/
INSERT INTO Class VALUES('08101','计算机科学与技术1班','081');
INSERT INTO Class VALUES('08102','计算机科学与技术2班','081');
INSERT INTO Class VALUES('08201','信息管理系1班','082');
INSERT INTO Class VALUES('08202','信息管理系2班','082');
CREATE TABLE Courses
(Course_ID Varchar2(4) primary key,
Cname Varchar2(45),
Credits NUMBER(1) );
/
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0001','大学语文',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0002','高等数学',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0003','计算机基础',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0004','数据库概论',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0005','数据库原理及应用',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0006','计算机组成原理',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0007','计算机网络',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0008','数据结构',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0009','人工智能',2);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0010','Java程序设计',2);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0011','数字逻辑',2);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0012','电子线路',2);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0013','操作系统',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0014','编译原理',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0015','艺术欣赏',2);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0016','软件工程导论',2);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0017','计算理论',2);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0018','毕业实习',4);
INSERT INTO Courses VALUES('0019','毕业论文',6);
CREATE TABLE Teacher
(Teacher_ID Varchar2(8) primary key,
Tname Varchar2(12),
Tsex Varchar2(3),
Tbirth date,
Educ Varchar2(12),
Profess Varchar2(20),
Dept_ID Varchar2(3) references Dept (Dept_ID)
);
/
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459001','王鹏飞','男',to_date('1980-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD'),'研究生','讲师','081');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459002','潘蕾','女',to_date('1964-09-27','YYYY-MM-DD'),'本科','副教授','081');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459003','王安逸','男',to_date('1979-05-14','YYYY-MM-DD'),'研究生','副教授','081');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459004','黄海冰','男',to_date('1984-08-29','YYYY-MM-DD'),'研究生','助教','081');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459005','于晓龙','男',to_date('1981-03-24','YYYY-MM-DD'),'博士','副教授','082');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459006','孙贝妮','女',to_date('1955-12-23','YYYY-MM-DD'),'本科','教授','082');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459007','张健夫','男',to_date('1982-11-16','YYYY-MM-DD'),'研究生','讲师','082');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459008','万志伟','男',to_date('1980-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD'),'本科','讲师','082');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459090','刘宇新','男',to_date('1990-07-21','YYYY-MM-DD'),'研究生','讲师','071');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459091','邓海航','男',to_date('1989-12-23','YYYY-MM-DD'),'研究生','讲师','071');
INSERT INTO Teacher VALUES('10459092','周进','男',to_date('1990-4-13','YYYY-MM-DD'),'研究生','讲师','071');
CREATE TABLE TC
(Teacher_ID Varchar2(8),
Course_ID Varchar2(4),
Semester NUMBER,
Dept_ID Varchar2(3),
CONSTRAINT pk_tc primary key(Teacher_ID,Course_ID,Dept_ID),
CONSTRAINT fk_tc_tid foreign key(Teacher_ID) references Teacher (Teacher_ID),
CONSTRAINT fk_tc_cid foreign key(Course_ID) references Courses (Course_ID),
CONSTRAINT fk_tc_did foreign key(Dept_ID) references Dept (Dept_ID)
);
/
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459001','0001',1,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459002','0003',1,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459003','0002',1,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459004','0011',1,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459005','0012',1,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459001','0006',2,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459007','0008',2,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459008','0004',2,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459003','0010',2,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459006','0005',3,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459005','0007',3,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459001','0009',3,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459003','0013',3,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459002','0014',3,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459005','0015',4,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459001','0016',4,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459006','0017',4,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459001','0018',8,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459001','0019',8,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459002','0018',8,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459002','0019',8,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459003','0018',8,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459003','0019',8,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459004','0018',8,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459004','0019',8,'081');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459005','0018',8,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459005','0019',8,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459006','0018',8,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459006','0019',8,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459007','0018',8,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459007','0019',8,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459008','0018',8,'082');
INSERT INTO TC VALUES('10459008','0019',8,'082');
commit;
(-2.68) Dutch
--提供表格2
CREATE TABLE Students
(Student_ID Varchar2(11) primary key,
Sname Varchar2(12),
Ssex Varchar2(3),
Sbirth date,
Nationality Varchar2(40),
Dept_ID Varchar2(3) references Dept(Dept_ID ),
Class_ID Varchar2(5) references Class(Class_ID )
);
/
CREATE TABLE SC
(
Student_ID Varchar2(11) ,
Course_ID Varchar2(4),
Grade NUMBER,
CONSTRAINT pk_sc PRIMARY KEY(Student_ID,Course_ID),
CONSTRAINT fk_sc_sid FOREIGN KEY (Student_ID) REFERENCES Students(Student_ID),
CONSTRAINT fk_sc_cid FOREIGN KEY (Course_ID) REFERENCES Courses(Course_ID)
);
/
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810101','王传璐','男',to_date('1990-04-24','YYYY-MM-DD'),'回族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810102','腾飞','男',to_date('1988-12-1','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810103','张继发','男',to_date('1989-08-09','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810104','赵济生','男',to_date('1990-04-05','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810201','程婷','女',to_date('1990-05-02','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810202','王康伟','男',to_date('1990-07-09','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810203','孙世国','男',to_date('1992-10-06','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810204','李俊男','女',to_date('1990-05-02','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810205','李明刚','男',to_date('1989-11-19','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810206','白哲峰','女',to_date('1992-10-17','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810207','张贤君','男',to_date('1987-11-10','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810208','刘玉鹏','男',to_date('1988-09-21','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810209','彭治华','男',to_date('1990-01-26','YYYY-MM-DD'),'土家族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810210','时铭','女',to_date('1989-04-24','YYYY-MM-DD'),'回族','081','08102');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820120','古雪松涛','男',to_date('1990-10-05','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820121','赵代晓','女',to_date('1990-02-19','YYYY-MM-DD'),'蒙古族','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820122','程玉鹏','男',to_date('1991-03-13','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820123','丁鹏举','男',to_date('1990-08-27','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820124','张浩','男',to_date('1992-10-09','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820125','李楠','女',to_date('1992-11-28','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820126','张松涛','男',to_date('1990-07-26','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820127','吴博','女',to_date('1991-05-26','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820128','郭丁','男',to_date('1990-02-20','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820201','殷晓明','女',to_date('1992-02-16','YYYY-MM-DD'),'达斡尔族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820202','康旭凯','男',to_date('1989-06-27','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820203','王文杰','男',to_date('1990-12-24','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820204','朴哲浩','男',to_date('1990-05-28','YYYY-MM-DD'),'朝鲜族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820205','罗运成','男',to_date('1991-03-09','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820206','陈兴涛','男',to_date('1990-11-16','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820207','耿春意','男',to_date('1991-08-15','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820208','卢剑','男',to_date('1990-09-19','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820209','冯胜翔','男',to_date('1992-10-16','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820210','王鹏飞','男',to_date('1990-07-15','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08202');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110820129','赵红理','女',to_date('1990-05-02','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','082','08201');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810105','李振辉','男',to_date('1990-07-09','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810106','李明','女',to_date('1987-10-28','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810107','陈鑫','男',to_date('1990-12-11','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810108','陈艳敏','女',to_date('1991-09-21','YYYY-MM-DD'),'汉族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810109','董辉','男',to_date('1990-09-26','YYYY-MM-DD'),'满族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO Students VALUES('20110810110','董兵','男',to_date('1989-04-09','YYYY-MM-DD'),'回族','081','08101');
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810101','0001',86);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810101','0002',78);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810101','0003',90);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810101','0004',86);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810101','0005',69);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810205','0001',70);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810205','0002',54);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810205','0003',97);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810205','0004',64);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20100810205','0005',75);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810101','0001',76);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810101','0002',84);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810101','0003',59);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810101','0004',72);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810101','0005',79);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810129','0001',71);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810129','0002',80);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810129','0003',97);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810129','0004',66);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810129','0005',83);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820120','0011',71);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820120','0012',80);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820120','0003',97);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820120','0004',66);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820120','0005',83);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820121','0011',71);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820121','0012',66);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820121','0003',90);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820121','0004',89);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110820121','0005',75);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810102','0001',71);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810102','0002',83);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810102','0003',90);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810102','0004',68);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810102','0005',83);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810103','0001',71);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810103','0002',80);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810103','0003',76);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810103','0004',80);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810103','0005',83);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810103','0015',78);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810201','0001',69);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810201','0002',78);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810201','0003',54);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810201','0004',89);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810201','0005',80);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810201','0015',70);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810202','0001',66);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810202','0002',84);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810202','0003',78);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810202','0004',83);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810202','0005',67);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810202','0015',70);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810203','0001',81);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810203','0002',90);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810203','0003',66);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810203','0004',60);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810203','0005',93);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810203','0015',72);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810204','0001',76);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810204','0002',68);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810204','0003',90);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810204','0004',88);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810204','0005',80);
INSERT INTO SC VALUES('20110810104','0015',90);
commit;
