我们常用的1+1, 2 * 4 / 2 - 3等运算表达式为中缀表达式，运算符在数据中间，而计算机运算时需要转成后缀表达式也就是逆波兰表达式。逆波兰表达式将运算的顺序从左往右依次排序输出进行运算，运算时遇到操作符就将操作符前两位进行顺序运算，最终得到结果。
中缀表达式转后缀表达式主要用到了栈进行运算符处理，队列进行排序输出，规则为：
1.数字直接入队列
2.运算符要与栈顶元素比较
-栈为空直接入栈
-运算符优先级大于栈顶元素优先级则直接入栈
-小于或等于则出栈入列，再与栈顶元素进行比较，直到运算符优先级小于栈顶元素优先级后，操作符再入栈
3.操作符是 ( 则无条件入栈
4.操作符为 )，则依次出栈入列，直到匹配到第一个(为止，此操作符直接舍弃，栈顶)直接出栈舍弃
package calc;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class MultiCalc {
/**
* 匹配 + - * / ( ) 运算符
*/
static final String SYMBOL = "\\+|-|\\*|/|\\(|\\)";
static final String LEFT = "(";
static final String RIGHT = ")";
static final String ADD = "+";
static final String MINUS= "-";
static final String TIMES = "*";
static final String DIVISION = "/";
/**
* 加減 + -
*/
static final int LEVEL_01 = 1;
/**
* 乘除 * /
*/
static final int LEVEL_02 = 2;
/**
* 括号
*/
static final int LEVEL_HIGH = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
static Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();
static List<String> data = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>());
/**
* 去除所有空白符
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static String replaceAllBlank(String s ){
// \\s+ 匹配任何空白字符，包括空格、制表符、换页符等等, 等价于[ \f\n\r\t\v]
return s.replaceAll("\\s+","");
}
/**
* 判断是不是数字 int double long float
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static boolean isNumber(String s){
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^[-\\+]?[.\\d]*$");
return pattern.matcher(s).matches();
}
/**
* 判断是不是运算符
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static boolean isSymbol(String s){
return s.matches(SYMBOL);
}
/**
* 匹配运算等级
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static int calcLevel(String s){
if("+".equals(s) || "-".equals(s)){
return LEVEL_01;
} else if("*".equals(s) || "/".equals(s)){
return LEVEL_02;
}
return LEVEL_HIGH;
}
/**
* 匹配
* @param s
* @throws Exception
*/
public static List<String> doMatch (String s) throws Exception{
if(s == null || "".equals(s.trim())) throw new RuntimeException("data is empty");
if(!isNumber(s.charAt(0)+"")) throw new RuntimeException("data illeagle,start not with a number");
s = replaceAllBlank(s);
String each;
int start = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
if(isSymbol(s.charAt(i)+"")){
each = s.charAt(i)+"";
//栈为空，(操作符，或者 操作符优先级大于栈顶优先级 && 操作符优先级不是( )的优先级 及是 ) 不能直接入栈
if(stack.isEmpty() || LEFT.equals(each)
|| ((calcLevel(each) > calcLevel(stack.peek())) && calcLevel(each) < LEVEL_HIGH)){
stack.push(each);
}else if( !stack.isEmpty() && calcLevel(each) <= calcLevel(stack.peek())){
//栈非空，操作符优先级小于等于栈顶优先级时出栈入列，直到栈为空，或者遇到了(，最后操作符入栈
while (!stack.isEmpty() && calcLevel(each) <= calcLevel(stack.peek()) ){
if(calcLevel(stack.peek()) == LEVEL_HIGH){
break;
}
data.add(stack.pop());
}
stack.push(each);
}else if(RIGHT.equals(each)){
// ) 操作符，依次出栈入列直到空栈或者遇到了第一个)操作符，此时)出栈
while (!stack.isEmpty() && LEVEL_HIGH >= calcLevel(stack.peek())){
if(LEVEL_HIGH == calcLevel(stack.peek())){
stack.pop();
break;
}
data.add(stack.pop());
}
}
start = i ; //前一个运算符的位置
}else if( i == s.length()-1 || isSymbol(s.charAt(i+1)+"") ){
each = start == 0 ? s.substring(start,i+1) : s.substring(start+1,i+1);
if(isNumber(each)) {
data.add(each);
continue;
}
throw new RuntimeException("data not match number");
}
}
//如果栈里还有元素，此时元素需要依次出栈入列，可以想象栈里剩下栈顶为/，栈底为+，应该依次出栈入列，可以直接翻转整个stack 添加到队列
Collections.reverse(stack);
data.addAll(new ArrayList<>(stack));
System.out.println(data);
return data;
}
/**
* 算出结果
* @param list
* @return
*/
public static Double doCalc(List<String> list){
Double d = 0d;
if(list == null || list.isEmpty()){
return null;
}
if (list.size() == 1){
System.out.println(list);
d = Double.valueOf(list.get(0));
return d;
}
ArrayList<String> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
list1.add(list.get(i));
if(isSymbol(list.get(i))){
Double d1 = doTheMath(list.get(i - 2), list.get(i - 1), list.get(i));
list1.remove(i);
list1.remove(i-1);
list1.set(i-2,d1+"");
list1.addAll(list.subList(i+1,list.size()));
break;
}
}
doCalc(list1);
return d;
}
/**
* 运算
* @param s1
* @param s2
* @param symbol
* @return
*/
public static Double doTheMath(String s1,String s2,String symbol){
Double result ;
switch (symbol){
case ADD : result = Double.valueOf(s1) + Double.valueOf(s2); break;
case MINUS : result = Double.valueOf(s1) - Double.valueOf(s2); break;
case TIMES : result = Double.valueOf(s1) * Double.valueOf(s2); break;
case DIVISION : result = Double.valueOf(s1) / Double.valueOf(s2); break;
default : result = null;
}
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String math = "9+(3-1)*3+10/2";
// String math = "1.8+(2-3.5)*4+10/5.0";
try {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
doCalc(doMatch(math));
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(end - start);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}