spring-配置详解

其他 2020-03-11 20:55:02 阅读次数: 0

spring-配置详解

1. Bean元素

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">
    <!-- 将ComboList对象交给spring容器管理 -->
    <!-- Bean元素:使用该元素描述需要spring容器管理的对象
            class属性:被管理对象的完整类名.
            name属性:给被管理的对象起个名字.获得对象时根据该名称获得对象.  
                    可以重复.可以使用特殊字符.
            id属性: 与name属性一模一样.
                    名称不可重复.不能使用特殊字符.
            结论: 尽量使用name属性.
      -->
    <bean  name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList" ></bean>
</beans>

2. 创建对象方式

  1. ComboList.java类
    public class ComboList {
    public ComboList() {
        System.out.println("无参构造方法创建对象");
    }
}
  2. ComboListFactory.java类
    public class ComboListFactory {
    public ComboListFactory() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    public static ComboList createComboList() {
        System.out.println("静态工厂创建");
        return new ComboList();
    }
    
    public ComboList CreateComboList2() {
        System.out.println("实例工厂创建");
        return new ComboList();
    }
}
  3. applicationContext.xml配置文件
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
    <!-- 无参构造函数创建对象 -->
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"></bean>
    <!-- 静态工厂创建对象 -->
    <bean name="comboList2" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboListFactory"
        factory-method="createComboList"></bean>
    <!-- 实例工厂创建对象 -->
    <bean name="comboList3" factory-bean="createComboList2"
        factory-method="CreateComboList2"></bean>
    <bean name="createComboList2" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboListFactory"></bean>
</beans>
  4. ComboListTest.java类
    import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class ComboListTest {
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    @Test
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
        System.out.println(obj);
        Object obj2 = cont.getBean("comboList2");
        System.out.println(obj2);
        Object obj3 = cont.getBean("comboList3");
        System.out.println(obj3);
    }
}

3. scope属性

  1. singleton，默认值，单例对象。在spring容器中只会存在一个实例。使用方式：
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList" scope="singleton"></bean>
  2. prototype，多例的对象。每次再获得都会创建新的对象，spring管理Struts2时，ActionBean必须配置为多例的。
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList" scope="prototype"></bean>
  3. request，web环境下，对象与request生命周期一致。
  4. session，web环境下，对象与session生命周期一致。

4. 初始化和销毁方法

有错误！(cvc-complex-type.3.2.2: Attribute ‘destory-method’ is not allowed to appear in element ‘bean’.)

  1. ComboList.java
    public class ComboList {
    public ComboList() {
        System.out.println("无参构造方法创建对象");
    }
    
    public void getInit() {
        System.out.println("初始化方法");
    }
    
    public void getDestory() {
        System.out.println("销毁方法");
    }
}
  2. 使用init-method属性标注初始化方法，使用destory-method属性标注销毁方法，applicationContext.xml：
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"
        init-method="getInit" destory-method="getDestory"></bean>
</beans>
  3. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class ComboListTest {
    @Test
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
        System.out.println(obj);
        cont.close();
    }
}

5. 模块化配置

  1. ComboList.java
    public class ComboList {
    public ComboList() {
        System.out.println("无参构造方法创建对象");
    }
    
    public void getInit() {
        System.out.println("初始化方法");
    }
}
  2. applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"
        init-method="getInit"></bean>
</beans>
  3. 使用import标签导入其他配置文件，applicationContext1.xml：
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
    <import resource="applicationContext.xml"></import>
</beans>
  4. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class ComboListTest {
    @Test
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext1.xml");
        Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
        System.out.println(obj);
        cont.close();
    }
}

6. 属性注入（set方式）

  1. ComboList.java
    public class ComboList {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Like like;
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    public Like getLike() {
        return like;
    }
    
    public void setLike(Like like) {
        this.like = like;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ComboList [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", like=" + like + "]";
    }
}
  2. Like.java
    public class Like {
    private String like1;
    private String like2;
    
    public Like() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    public String getLike1() {
        return like1;
    }
    
    public void setLike1(String like1) {
        this.like1 = like1;
    }
    
    public String getLike2() {
        return like2;
    }
    
    public void setLike2(String like2) {
        this.like2 = like2;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Like [like1=" + like1 + ", like2=" + like2 + "]";
    }
}
  3. applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
        <property name="name" value="ccblogs"></property>
        <property name="age" value="18"></property>
        <property name="like" ref="like"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean name="like" class="com.ccblogs.spring.Like">
        <property name="like1" value="like11"></property>
        <property name="like2" value="like22"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
  4. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class ComboListTest {
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    @Test
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
        System.out.println(obj);
    }
}

7. 属性注入（构造函数）

  1. ComboList.java
    public class ComboList {
    public ComboList(String name, Integer age) {
        System.out.println(String.format("name=%s,age=%d", name, age));
    }

    public ComboList(Integer name, String age) {
        System.out.println(String.format("name=%d,age=%s", name, age));
    }
}
  2. applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="18" index="0" type="java.lang.Integer"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="age" value="ccblogs" index="1" type="java.lang.String"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>
  3. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class ComboListTest {
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    @Test
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
        System.out.println(obj);
    }
}

8. 属性注入（p名称空间&SPEL表达式）

  1. p名称空间
    1. ComboList.java
      public class ComboList {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Like like;
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    public Like getLike() {
        return like;
    }
    
    public void setLike(Like like) {
        this.like = like;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ComboList [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", like=" + like + "]";
    }
}
    2. Like.java
      public class Like {
    private String like1;
    private String like2;
    
    public Like() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    public String getLike1() {
        return like1;
    }
    
    public void setLike1(String like1) {
        this.like1 = like1;
    }
    
    public String getLike2() {
        return like2;
    }
    
    public void setLike2(String like2) {
        this.like2 = like2;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Like [like1=" + like1 + ", like2=" + like2 + "]";
    }
}
    3. applicationContext.xml
      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"
        p:name="ccblogs" p:age="18" p:like-ref="like"></bean>
    <bean name="like" class="com.ccblogs.spring.Like">
        <property name="like1" value="like11"></property>
        <property name="like2" value="like22"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
    4. ComboListTest.java
      import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class ComboListTest {
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    @Test
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
        System.out.println(obj);
    }
}
  2. SPEL表达式
    1. ComboList.java
      public class ComboList {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Like like;
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    public Like getLike() {
        return like;
    }
    
    public void setLike(Like like) {
        this.like = like;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ComboList [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", like=" + like + "]";
    }
}
    2. Like.java
      public class Like {
    private String like1;
    private String like2;
    
    public Like() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    public String getLike1() {
        return like1;
    }
    
    public void setLike1(String like1) {
        this.like1 = like1;
    }
    
    public String getLike2() {
        return like2;
    }
    
    public void setLike2(String like2) {
        this.like2 = like2;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Like [like1=" + like1 + ", like2=" + like2 + "]";
    }
}
    3. applicationContext.xml
      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
        <property name="name" value="#{comboList1.name}"></property>
        <property name="age" value="#{comboList2.age}"></property>
        <property name="like" ref="like"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean name="comboList1" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList"
        p:name="ccblogs1" p:age="181" p:like-ref="like">
    </bean>
    <bean name="comboList2" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
        <property name="name" value="ccblogs2"></property>
        <property name="age" value="182"></property>
        <property name="like" ref="like"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean name="like" class="com.ccblogs.spring.Like">
        <property name="like1" value="like11"></property>
        <property name="like2" value="like22"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
    4. ComboListTest.java
      import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class ComboListTest {
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    @Test
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
        System.out.println(obj);
    }
}

9. 复杂类型注入

  1. ComboList.java
    import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

public class ComboList {
    private Object[] strs;
    private List lst;
    private Map map;
    private Properties pro;
    
    public Object[] getStrs() {
        return strs;
    }
    
    public void setStrs(Object[] strs) {
        this.strs = strs;
    }
    
    public List getLst() {
        return lst;
    }
    
    public void setLst(List lst) {
        this.lst = lst;
    }
    
    public Map getMap() {
        return map;
    }
    
    public void setMap(Map map) {
        this.map = map;
    }
    
    public Properties getPro() {
        return pro;
    }
    
    public void setPro(Properties pro) {
        this.pro = pro;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ComboList [strs=" + Arrays.toString(strs) + ", lst=" + lst + ", map=" + map + ", pro=" + pro + "]";
    }
}
  2. Like.java
    public class Like {
    private String like1;
    private String like2;
    
    public Like() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }
    
    public String getLike1() {
        return like1;
    }
    
    public void setLike1(String like1) {
        this.like1 = like1;
    }
    
    public String getLike2() {
        return like2;
    }
    
    public void setLike2(String like2) {
        this.like2 = like2;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Like [like1=" + like1 + ", like2=" + like2 + "]";
    }
}
  3. applicationContext.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd ">
    <bean name="comboList" class="com.ccblogs.spring.ComboList">
        <property name="strs">
            <array>
                <value>ccblogs</value>
                <value>ccblogs1</value>
                <ref bean="like" />
            </array>
        </property>
        <property name="lst">
            <list>
                <value>ccblogs</value>
                <value>ccblogs1</value>
                <ref bean="like" />
            </list>
        </property>
        <property name="map">
            <map>
                <entry key="key1" value="ccblogs1">
                </entry>
                <entry key="key1" value="ccblogs2">
                </entry>
                <entry key-ref="like" value-ref="like">
                </entry>
            </map>
        </property>
        <property name="pro">
            <props>
                <prop key="key1">ccblogs1</prop>
                <prop key="key2">ccblogs2</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean name="like" class="com.ccblogs.spring.Like">
        <property name="like1" value="like11"></property>
        <property name="like2" value="like22"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
  4. ComboListTest.java
    import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class ComboListTest {
    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    @Test
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext cont = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        Object obj = cont.getBean("comboList");
        System.out.println(obj);
    }
}
姜 晶
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