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Test center 1. Information system life cycle
[Test Method Analysis]
Test Method 1: Familiarize yourself with the key tasks to be completed in each stage, and choose which stage (planning, analysis, design, implementation, operation, and maintenance); let the candidates choose the corresponding stage.
Method 2: Basically distinguish the software development process belongs to the implementation stage of the information system life cycle. Let the candidates judge the correctness of the statement.
【Key points analysis】
1. System planning stage: the task is to conduct a preliminary investigation of the organization's environment, goals, and the status of the current system, determine the development strategy of the information system based on the organization's goals and development strategy, and study the necessity and possibility of building a new system; write the system design Mission statement
2. System analysis stage: determine the basic goals and logical function requirements of the new system, that is, put forward the logical model of the new system and determine what the system "does."
3. System design stage: According to the functional requirements stipulated in the system manual, considering the actual conditions, specifically designing the technical solution to implement the logical model, that is, designing the physical model of the new system, the question to be answered is "how".
4. System implementation stage: The stage where the designed system is put into practice includes the purchase, installation and debugging of computers and other equipment, the writing and debugging of programs, personnel training, data file conversion, system debugging and conversion, etc.
5. System operation and maintenance stage: After the system is put into operation, it needs to be maintained and evaluated frequently, and the operation status should be recorded.
【Remarks for dialing】
1. Memorize the main tasks and deliverables of each stage.
2. Required test sites, understand each stage, and have a high degree of flexibility in combining questions with examples; (15 real questions appear)
[Practice consolidation]
1. A fast-moving consumer goods chain company entrusted technology company a to develop and deploy an e-commerce platform. Company a determined the basic goals and logical function requirements of the system according to the scope determined by the system design mission, and proposed a logical model of the new system. This is information Work in the () phase of the system life cycle.
A. System planning B. System analysis C. System design D. System implementation
2. A large-scale planting company will build an enterprise bidding information system built on the public cloud this year. The project manager said that he is now in the process of software procurement. According to the five-stage division method of the information system life cycle, he is currently in the () stage.
A. System planning B. System analysis C. System design D. System implementation
Test center 2. Information system planning method
[Test Method Analysis]
Test Method 1: Familiar with information system planning principles, planning processes, planning methods, planning tools. Let the candidates judge the correctness of the statement.
Test Method 2: Focus on mastering the BSP process of enterprise information planning; the characteristics of large-scale information systems allow candidates to judge the correctness of the statement.
【Key points analysis】
1. The characteristics of large-scale information systems: large scale, cross-regional nature, complex network structure, many types of services, and large amounts of data.
2. Information system planning process: Analyze the enterprise informatization process-à formulate enterprise informatization strategy-àinformation system planning scheme and overall architecture design.
3. The BSP method of enterprise system planning: top-down system planning; and the implementation division is carried out step by step from bottom to top;
4. BSP process: determine the project-à preparation work-à define the business process-à identify the definition data class-à analyze the existing system-à determine the management department's requirements for the system-à put forward judgments and conclusions-à define the overall structure of the information system -à determine priority order-à formulate proposals and development plans;
5. Information system planning tools: process / organization (P / O) matrix; resource / data (R / D) matrix; functional method or process method IPO; CU matrix
【Remarks for dialing】
1. Memorize the BSP process and matrix tools
3. For the test sites that appeared in recent years, 2 questions were tested in the first half of 2018; 2 questions were tested in the second half of 2018;
【Consolidation Practice】
The enterprise system planning (business system, bsp) method contains certain steps. After completing the preparations, the four steps that need to be carried out are: ().
A. Define the business process, identify and define data types, determine the system requirements of the management department, and analyze the existing system
B. Identify and define data categories, define business processes, determine the system requirements of management departments, and analyze existing systems
C. Define the enterprise process, identify and define data types, analyze the existing system, and determine the requirements of the management department on the system
D. Identify and define data types, define business processes, analyze existing systems, and determine the requirements of management departments for the system
In information system planning tools, () can reflect the relationship between data types and business processes.
A. Process / Organization (P / D) matrix
B. SWOT matrix
C. Resource / Data (R / D) matrix
D. Create / User (C / U) matrix
Test center 3. Information system development method
[Test Method Analysis]
Method 1: Compare the characteristics, shortcomings and limitations, application scenarios of structured methods, object-oriented methods, prototype methods and service-oriented methods, so that candidates can choose the correct development method;
Method 2: Focus on mastering the current mainstream development methods and object-oriented methods;
【Key points analysis】
1. Structured method: top-down, progressive refinement and modular design; suitable for problems in the field of data processing, but not suitable for large-scale and more complex system development; long development cycle, difficult to adapt to changes in demand, Seldom consider the data structure;
2. Prototyping method: shorten the cycle, reduce the cost and risk, and develop the system with the user as the center; the user participates in the system development process; insufficiency: the development environment requires high, and the management level must go high
3. Object-oriented approach: better reusability, easy system maintenance, and shorter development cycle
4. Face-to-face service method: The communication and interoperability of various application systems within and between organizations directly affect the organization's grasp of information and processing speed.
【Remarks for dialing】
Memorize the characteristics, application scenarios and shortcomings of the four development methods.
【Consolidation Practice】
1. The design method of () satisfies the rapid response of information systems to changes in requirements and the environment, and the requirements for communication between various application systems within and between organizations, which improves system reusability, information resource sharing, and the Interoperability.
A. Object-oriented
B. Process-oriented
C. Component-based
D. Service-oriented
2、（ ）a method of obtaining early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before actually building it.
A.Prototypes
B.Object oriented
C.Structured method
D.Iterative method
Test Center 4. Software Development Model
[Test Method Analysis]
Method 1: Compare the technical characteristics and application scenarios of various models and select the appropriate model (waterfall model, spiral model, iterative model, V model, prototype, agile development model)
Method 2: The technical characteristics of various models allow candidates to judge the correctness of the statement.
【Key points analysis】
1. Waterfall model: The output of the previous stage is used as the input of the latter stage; it is suitable for scenarios where the requirements in the early stage are clear and the requirements do not change frequently.
2. Spiral model: Emphasis on risk analysis, especially for large and complex, high-risk systems.
3. Iterative model: RUP is divided into four stages-initialization-refinement-construction-handover; core work is divided into-business modeling-demand acquisition-analysis and design-implementation-test-deployment.
4. V model: The main idea is that development and testing are equally important. The left side represents development activities and the right side represents testing activities;
5. Prototype model: it is a dynamic response to the user's needs; it is suitable for system development with very unclear requirements
6. Agile model: Iterative and step-by-step development method with people as the core. Communicate face-to-face and frequently deliver software versions.
【Remarks for dialing】
1. Memorize the characteristics of each model and different application scenarios.
2. Must-take test sites, understand the characteristics, scope of application
【Consolidation Practice】
1. () is not a characteristic of the v model.
A. Reflects the equally important ideas of development and testing
B. Testing is a stage in the development life cycle
C. For each development stage, there is a test level corresponding to it
D. Applicable to situations where user needs are unclear or passively changing
2. The spiral model is an evolutionary software process model that combines the iterative features of the prototype implementation with the linear sequence model, making rapid development of incremental versions of the software possible. Compared with other models, the spiral model is more emphasized ().
A. Make a plan
B. Risk analysis
C. Implementing the project
D. Customer evaluation
