Since the winter, mild vomiting and diarrhea symptoms have appeared in many areas. After testing, they have a lot to do with norovirus. So what is norovirus? How does it spread and its symptoms? Let's take a look
1. Norovirus
Norovirus, also known as Norwalk Viruses (Norwalk Viruses, NV) is a virus belonging to the genus Norovirus (NV) in the Human Calicivirus (HuCV) family. It is a group of virus particles with similar morphology and slightly different antigenicity.
"Norovirus" infectious diarrhea is a self-limiting disease. There are no vaccines and special drugs. The public should do a good job of personal hygiene, food hygiene and drinking water hygiene is the key to preventing this disease. It is necessary to practice washing hands frequently, not drinking raw water, and hygiene. Separate cooked food to avoid cross-contamination and other healthy lifestyle habits.
Second, the route of norovirus infection
Norovirus transmission routes include human-to-human transmission, food and water transmission: human-to-human transmission can be through oral routes (including ingestion of aerosols produced by stool or vomit), or indirect contact with the environment contaminated by excrement; Food-borne transmission is spread through the consumption of food contaminated by norovirus. Contamination can occur when norovirus-infected catering practitioners contaminate food during meal preparation and serving, or food production, transportation, and distribution. The process is contaminated by human excreta containing norovirus or other substances (such as water, etc.). Shellfish and seafood such as oysters and raw vegetables and fruits are common foods that cause outbreaks; water transmission can be caused by contamination of bottled water, municipal water supply, well water and other drinking water sources.
3. Symptoms of Norovirus
Compared with other viral infections, norovirus has a shorter incubation period, usually within 12-48 hours. The most common symptoms of patients are diarrhea and vomiting, followed by nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills, and muscle aches. Abdominal pain often manifests as pain in the upper middle of the abdomen or paroxysmal colic, and vomiting is mostly eating Most people are mainly mildly ill. Studies have found that norovirus diarrhea is more common in adults, and children are more prone to vomiting than adults.
4. Norovirus-related research tools
It can be said that a wave of unrest has occurred again, the impact of the new crown is still continuing, and norovirus is also taking advantage of it. There are also relevant research tools for norovirus, let's take a look.
1. [Norovirus Group-1] Recombinant Norovirus Group-1 Capsid, #NRV-213
Recombinant Norovirus 1 capsid is derived from Escherichia coli. It is a sense RNA virus with a nucleotide of 7.5 kb, which encodes a 50-55kDa major structural protein VP1 and a VP2 protein. The full length of the VP1 capsid protein is derived from Norwalk virus group 1. The protein is fused to the 6-His tag at the N-terminus and purified by chromatography.
2. Norovirus group I monoclonal antibody, clone HM022, #MAB13623
The antibody reacts with group I capsid proteins. No cross reaction with Norovirus group II.
3. Mouse anti-norovirus Ⅰ group pairing, #ant-662
5. How to defend against norovirus?
In order to stay away from norovirus, doctors and experts believe that preventive measures must be taken in life:
1. Do a physical examination in time. Because the latent infection of norovirus has a longer incubation period, it is necessary to check your body in time
2. Develop good dietary hygiene habits
3. The patient should be isolated as soon as possible. Patients with norovirus acute gastroenteritis should be isolated at home during the illness until 3 days after the symptoms disappear. Food processors, nurses, kindergarten nurses, and other service-related patients should leave their jobs immediately and resume work only after two consecutive negative tests.
4. Disinfect the virus-contaminated environment and places.
5. See a doctor in time according to the condition. Norovirus acute gastroenteritis currently has no specific medicine, no vaccine, no antibiotics after infection, symptomatic or supportive treatment is the main treatment, sugar salt water or oral rehydration salt can be used for rehydration, if the symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea are severe, you should go to a medical institution for treatment .
Norovirus related research links:
http://www.amyjet.com/featured/norovirus.shtml