Network Basics
IPv4 network
TCP4 layer
IP address: V4 version: 32 binary numbers, each group of 8 bits, representing the identity of each computer in the network
192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1
Divided into network bits and host bits, the same network bits, different host bits can communicate
5 kinds of networks are defined according to the usage environment of IP
Divided into public IP and private IP
Special IP : Beginning with 169 - Automatic private IP address ( IP address conflict and unable to get IP address)
127.0.0.1 - local loopback -Localhost
Subnet mask: 32 binary numbers, each 8 -bit group, consists of consecutive identical 0&1 from left to right
192.168.1.100/30 192.168.1.1/24
255.255.255.252 255.255.255.0
11000000.10101000.00000001.01100100
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
11000000.10101000.00000001.01100100
192.168.1.100
11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
192.168.1.0
The result of the " AND " operation between the subnet and the IP defines the network segment to which the IP belongs, and the IPs on the same network segment can communicate with each other.
More network & host = subnetting can be achieved by defining subnets to help configure IP addresses
Display mode: 255.255.255.0&/24
Gateway ( GW )
When IP addresses of two different networks need to communicate
You can use a device (router & switch) with IP address forwarding , the device is configured with the desired IP address of the currently connected network
在不同的网络的计算机上,将能够转发IP地址设备的和当前计算机的IP地址网络匹配的IP,添加到本地计算机的“网关”的信息中
当本地计算机向不同网络发送数据时,首先将该数据发送给“网关”信息中的IP地址
DNS:域名解析
客户端先DNS服务器提交需要解析的域名,DNS返回客户端提交的域名的信息(IP地址)
客户端域名解析的顺序:本地缓存:ipconfig /displaydns
/flushdns
本地Hosts文件
网卡设置中的DNS服务器的IP地址
Get-DnsClientServerAddress
nslookup 通过本地计算机的DNS的IP地址,去查询DNS服务器中的信息
set type=A,TXT,MX 记录类型
设置IP地址:Get-NetIPAddress
Set-NetIPAddress
常见使用工具:ipconfig,ping,tracert,telnet(需要手动安装)
网络信息分析工具 Microsoft Message Analyzer(协议,报文)
IPv6:
巨大的地址池:2001:DB8:0:2D4C:1CC:DD:1122:1234 建议通过DHCP分配
IPv6安全:要求必须端到端的加密
典型IPv6地址:fe80开头=169开头的本地私有地址
::1=127.0.0.1
Configuration: some important servers ( DC , mail) in no IPv6 network environment, disable the IPv6 protocol
Windows Server 2016 Network Services (1)
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