Django templates

Template application example

HelloWorld/
|-- HelloWorld
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- settings.py
|   |-- urls.py
|   |-- view.py
|   |-- wsgi.py
|-- manage.py
`-- templates
    `-- hello.html

Django template file path description:

　　Modify HelloWorld/settings.py, modify DIRS in TEMPLATES to [ os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates') ]

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
       'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

The hello.html file code is as follows:

　　<h1>{{ hello }}</h1> # hello is a variable, {{ hello }}

from django.shortcuts import render
 
def hello(request):
    context          = {}
    context['hello'] = 'Hello World!'
    return render(request, 'hello.html', context)

Use render to replace the HttpResponse used previously. render also takes a dictionary context as an argument. The key "hello" of the element in the context dictionary corresponds to the variable "{{ hello }}" in the template.

Django template tags

if / else basic syntax (supports nesting)

{% if condition1 %}
   ... display 1
{% elif condition2 %}
   ... display 2
{% else %}
   ... display 3
{% endif %}

The {% if %} tag accepts and , or or not keywords to judge multiple variables, or to negate variables ( not )

{% if athlete_list and coach_list %}
     Both athletes and coaches variables are available.
{% endif %}

for basic syntax

<ul>
{% for athlete in athlete_list %}
    <li>{{ athlete.name }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>

Adding a reversed to the label causes the list to be iterated in reverse:

{% for athlete in athlete_list reversed %}
...
{% endfor %}

{% for %} tags can be nested:　　

{% for athlete in athlete_list %}
    <h1>{{ athlete.name }}</h1>
    <ul>
    {% for sport in athlete.sports_played %}
        <li>{{ sport }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
{% endfor %}

ifequal/ifnotequal tags

The {% ifequal %} tag compares two values, and when they are equal, displays all values between {% ifequal %} and {% endifequal %}.

The following example compares two template variables user and currentuser:

{% ifequal user currentuser %}
    <h1>Welcome!</h1>
{% endifequal%}

Similar to {% if %}, {% ifequal %} supports optional {% else%} tags:

{% ifequal section 'sitenews' %}
    <h1>Site News</h1>
{% else %}
    <h1>No News Here</h1>
{% endifequal%}

Annotation label

Django comments use {# #} {#this is a comment #}

filter

Template filters can modify a variable before it is displayed. Filters use the pipe character:

    {{ name|lower }} # After the {{ name }} variable is processed by the filter lower, the document uppercase converts the text to lowercase.

Filter pipes can be *socketed*, that is, the output of one filter pipe can be used as the input of the next pipe:

    {{ my_list|first|upper }} # Convert the first element to uppercase.

Some filters have parameters, and filter parameters follow a colon and are always enclosed in double quotes:

    {{ bio|truncatewords:"30" }} # Will display the first 30 words of the variable bio.

Other filters:
    addslashes : adds backslashes before any backslashes, single or double quotes.

    date : format a date or datetime object according to the specified format string parameter: {{ pub_date|date:"F j, Y" }}

    length : Returns the length of the variable.

include tag

　　The {% include %} tag allows the content of other templates to be included in the template.

　　{% include "nav.html" %}  #includes the nav.html template:

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