Using the online method: as follows
1. Enter with the sysdba role account, and then query which users are:
SELECT * FROM user$
2. Find the user that needs to be modified (the user# field is the unique identifier)
SELECT * FROM user$ WHERE user#=71
3. Modify the username that needs to be changed
UPDATE USER$ SET NAME='new username' WHERE user#=71;
COMMIT;
4. Force refresh
ALTER SYSTEM CHECKPOINT;
ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH SHARED_POOL;
5. Change the password corresponding to the new user name (otherwise you cannot log in)
ALTER USER new username IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
'New user name' must be capitalized, with single quotation marks; (if not, the set user name is "new user name", including double quotation marks)
'Password' can be without double quotes.
Otherwise an unknown error will occur. (For example: table will have its own user name)