Q# Introductory Theory: Qubit State Observation

As mentioned earlier, the quantum bit qubit has a state, and we represent its state as a two-dimensional column vector.

And "observation" is to look at the state information of this bit.

But from this point of view, no matter what superposition state the qubit was in, it will immediately collapse to the ground state:
or
 

When we observe the quantum of the state, we have a probability of getting a 0 state, and a probability of getting a 1 state:

 
 because the probability is taken as the square of the value, the sign of the value does not affect the probability of the observation.

Moreover, the observation of the quantum does not necessarily change the original state of the quantum.

When the quantum is originally in the ground state, what is observed is its current state.

At this time, qubits are no different from traditional bits. We can copy them and operate on them.

But if the quanta are in a superposition state, the observations change their state, so the quanta can't be replicated because you don't know what state it was originally.

This is called the "No-Cloning theorem":

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-cloning_theorem

Video http://open.163.com/movie/2017/9/2/C/MCTMCVITL_MCTMD3J2C.html


 The geometric representation (visualization) of quantum superposition states uses

Bloch sphere


 

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