Business accounting standards are principle-oriented, and business accounting systems are rule-oriented
Principle-oriented means that principles shall prevail, accounting treatment regulations are not so rigid, involving a lot of accounting professional judgments, and it is enough to comply with the principles inside, rule-oriented is to take rules as the criterion, accounting treatment regulations are very rigid, one economic business is another economic business It is stipulated that if you encounter new economic business, you will not know how to deal with it. Internationally, the principle orientation is mainly represented by the United Kingdom and the United States, and the rule orientation is mainly represented by France.
We now take the accounting standards as the core, the enterprise accounting system and the financial accounting system as the content, the small business accounting system as the main supplementary form, and the industry accounting method as the specific implementation standard.
Accounting entry : predetermine the name of the account involved in each economic transaction
For beginners, it is assumed that a newly established enterprise only has three or four transactions this month. Can you go from voucher to general ledger to statement?
In the accounting process, the first step is to understand the original documents (original vouchers), then review, then register the sub-ledger, then register the general ledger, and finally issue a report
The bank controls the cash withdrawal very strictly. Only a few items such as travel expenses and labor expenses can withdraw cash in large quantities, so as to avoid shareholders' capital withdrawal and become a leather bag company with no fixed assets and a fixed office location.
The registered capital is used for the legitimate operation of the enterprise and cannot be transferred out casually
Going concern : Assuming that the business will go on forever. If you don't assume that, but suspect that it will go bankrupt tomorrow, then the accounting game will be unplayable.
Accounting instalment: Accounting instalment is to divide continuous business activities into periods, such as monthly, quarterly, semi-annual, annual
Prepaid Expenses : Paid first and then apportioned
Start-up expenses: some expenses incurred during the preparation period of the enterprise
Non-operating expenditure fines, natural and man-made disasters and other expenditures not related to production and operation
Manufacturing overhead collection of expenses incurred in the production workshop
Prepaid expenses are paid for several months at a time
Long-term deferred expenses are paid for more than 1 year at one time, such as fixed asset reconstruction expenses
Withholding fees for several months are paid in one lump sum at the end
These three subjects are actually transitional subjects, and they are all included in period expenses through amortization or accrual.
Finance charges related to the bank
Operating Expenses (Sales Expenses) Related to Selling Products
Management costs are related to management. In fact, they are trash cans, and the rest are management costs.
Small-scale taxpayers , pay tax at 3% of turnover, and cannot issue VAT invoices
General taxpayers , pay tax at 17%, and can issue VAT invoices
**At the beginning of each month, we take the IC card to copy the tax and file the tax return. This is the invoice tax filing. The purpose is to allow the taxation to monitor our income. We take the deduction to the tax bureau for certification, so that the taxation can confirm whether we can deduct it. Tax returns are required at the beginning of each month, in order to let the tax bureau know whether the calculation of the tax payable is correct and the tax payment status. Whether the person has violated the rules.
**Business entertainment is deductible
**You have these assets, and other companies also have them. You occasionally exchange these things and sometimes they will depreciate, and the accounting will accrue impairment losses for them.
Perpetual inventory system : the warehouse must record the entry and exit of the warehouse every day, and the inventory is settled at any time, which is more accurate
On-site inventory system : simple accounting, the end of the accounting period is mainly inventory, covering up the loss and waste behavior
Individual pricing method : the cost price is recorded for each incoming batch of goods, and the batch must be identified when it is out of the warehouse
First-in, first- out method : buy first, sell first
Journal : Bank deposits and cash are recorded daily
Generally good companies will guarantee the stability of the three fees
Debt-to-equity ratio: How much of a company's assets, shareholders, and external debt