Beginner's Guide to Host Computer Development (10) Encryption Algorithm——ECC
foreword
In the previous article, we introduced the RSA algorithm. In this article, we will continue to discuss another asymmetric encryption algorithm-ECC.
The full name of ECC is "Elliptic Curve Cryptography", which is an encryption algorithm based on the mathematical theory of elliptic curves. Its advantages lie in its short key, fast encryption speed, and high security, making it widely used in fields with limited computing resources such as mobile devices and the Internet of Things.
This article will give you an in-depth introduction to the principle, application and implementation of the ECC algorithm, helping readers better understand and use the ECC algorithm.
Characteristics of ECC
asymmetry
The ECC algorithm uses two different keys: a public key and a private key. They are also not interchangeable.
The public key is used to encrypt the data and the private key is used to decrypt the data, this is called asymmetry.
reversibility
The ECC algorithm encrypts the data and then decrypts it, which is the reversibility of the encryption algorithm. Data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the private key, and data encrypted with the private key can only be decrypted with the public key.
sign
The signature of the ECC algorithm is like a contract, which must be signed by both parties to take effect. The same is true for digital signatures, which use a private key to sign data and then use a public key for verification. The digital signature of the ECC algorithm is very fast, more efficient than other algorithms, and can protect the integrity and authenticity of data.
high security
The ECC algorithm is based on the mathematical elliptic curve problem, has high-strength encryption capabilities, and can protect the confidentiality of data.
Small amount of calculation and storage space
Compared with the traditional RSA algorithm, the key length of the ECC algorithm is shorter, so it occupies less storage space, and at the same time, the encryption calculation speed is faster, so it performs well in scenarios with limited resources such as mobile devices.
Comparing ECC and RSA
In the encryption and decryption process, the computational complexity of the ECC and RSA algorithms is different, so the computing power they consume is also different.
The computational complexity of RSA encryption and decryption depends on the key length, which is usually expressed in bits (for example, the key length of RSA-2048 is 2048 bits, and the key length of RSA-4096 is 4096 bits). In general, the longer the RSA key, the longer the computation time required for encryption and decryption.
The computational complexity of the ECC algorithm depends on the parameters of the elliptic curve, including information such as the domain of the curve and the points on the curve.
Compared with RSA, the ECC algorithm requires a shorter key length under the same security level, so the calculation time required for encryption and decryption is correspondingly shorter.
How to use ECC in C#
Using the ECC algorithm function in .NET needs to refer to the namespace:
using System.Security.Cryptography;
Encrypt and decrypt data
The following is a sample code for encryption and decryption using the ECC algorithm:
// 生成密钥对
using (var ecdsa = ECDsa.Create())
{
byte[] privateKey = ecdsa.ExportECPrivateKey();
byte[] publicKey = ecdsa.ExportECPublicKey();
// 使用公钥加密数据
byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello World!");
byte[] encryptedData = ecdsa.Encrypt(data, ECDsaEncryptionPadding.OaepSHA256);
// 使用私钥解密数据
byte[] decryptedData = ecdsa.Decrypt(encryptedData, ECDsaEncryptionPadding.OaepSHA256);
string decryptedString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedData);
}
Import and export keys
Export ECC key
// 创建ECDsa秘钥
ECDsaCng ecDsa = new ECDsaCng();
// 导出私有秘钥
byte[] privateKeyBlob = ecDsa.Key.Export(CngKeyBlobFormat.EccPrivateBlob);
// 导出公有秘钥
byte[] publicKeyBlob = ecDsa.Key.Export(CngKeyBlobFormat.EccPublicBlob);
Import ECC key
using System.Security.Cryptography;
// 导入私有密钥
byte[] privateKeyBlob = /* 你的私有密钥字节数组 */;
CngKey cngKey = CngKey.Import(privateKeyBlob, CngKeyBlobFormat.EccPrivateBlob);
ECDsaCng ecDsa = new ECDsaCng(cngKey);
// 导入公有密钥
byte[] publicKeyBlob = /* 你的公有密钥字节数组 */;
ecDsa = new ECDsaCng(CngKey.Import(publicKeyBlob, CngKeyBlobFormat.EccPublicBlob));
Signature and Verification
This sample code can help you understand how to use the ECC algorithm to sign and verify signatures:
// 创建一个256位的ECDsaCng实例
ECDsaCng ecDsa = new ECDsaCng(256);
// 获取公钥和私钥
byte[] publicKey = ecDsa.Key.Export(CngKeyBlobFormat.EccPublicBlob);
byte[] privateKey = ecDsa.Key.Export(CngKeyBlobFormat.EccPrivateBlob);
// 创建要签名的数据
byte[] data = new byte[] {
0x01, 0x02, 0x03 };
// 使用私钥对数据进行签名
byte[] signature = ecDsa.SignData(data);
// 使用公钥验证签名
bool verified = ecDsa.VerifyData(data, signature);
conclusion
Hope that through this article, you have mastered the method of encryption and decryption using ECC algorithm in C#.
If you are interested in encryption algorithms and PC development, you can follow our column to gain more relevant knowledge and experience. If you find this article useful, please like and leave a comment below. Thanks!
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