"Principles of Computer Organization" Second Edition Tang Shuofei's Thoughts and Exercises Chapter 1

1.1. What are computer systems, computer hardware and computer software? Which is more important, hardware or software?
1.2. How to understand the hierarchical structure of a computer system?
1.3. Explain the difference and connection between high-level language, assembly language and machine language.
1.4. How to understand computer composition and computer architecture?
1.5. Von. What are the characteristics of a Neumann computer?
1.6. Draw a block diagram of computer hardware, explain the functions of each component and the main technical indicators of computer hardware.
1.7. Explain concepts. Host, cpu, resident, storage unit, storage element, storage primitive, storage unit, storage word, storage word length, storage capacity, machine word length, instruction word length.
1.8. English code names at that time: CPU, PC, IR, CU, ALU, ACC, MQ, X, MAR, MDR, I/O, MIPS, CPI, FLOPS. 1.9 Draw the block diagram of the host, taking the storage instruction "STAM" and the addition instruction "ADDM" (M is the address of the main memory) as examples, and mark the information flow of completing the instructions (including the fetching stage)
in order in the figure
(eg →). Assuming that the main memory capacity is 256M×32 bits, under
the condition that the instruction word length, storage word length, and machine word length are equal, point out the number of bits of each register in the figure.
1.10 According to the iteration formula $$\sqrt{x}=\frac{1}{2}\left(y_n+\frac{x}{y_n}\right)$$ , set the initial state$$y_0=1$$ , the precision is required to be ε, try to find$$\sqrt{x}$$The problem-solving program (the command system is self-determined), and combined with the programmed program, briefly describes the problem-solving process of the computer.
1.11 Instructions and data are stored in the memory, how does the computer distinguish them?
1.12 What is an instruction? What is a program?