Because I have been sharing automated testing techniques, I am often asked:
Functional testing wants to be automated, how should I start? Or any book recommendations?
So, next, I will talk about how I do automated testing at work based on my own experience.
test newcomers
At the beginning of my career, like most testers, I started with pure functional interface testing. At that time, I was doing testing in an e-commerce company for a period of time. After getting familiar with the business process of the product and proficient in testing workflow specifications, the efficiency improved and the work was easier. In this way, I had enough time to learn various testing techniques and tools. .
When you think that work is very idle, this is the time when you can devote more time to learning. However, the content of learning must be based on your own work, so that the learned skills can be turned into work experience.
Choose Python
I first used the Java language and learned various automated testing technologies. At that time, I thought automated testing was very interesting, and it was very interesting, which aroused my strong interest. Later, I found that the Python language became more and more popular, and I found that Python is especially suitable for automation and test engineers with weak programming foundation. Python can also be used for crawlers, and some timing scripts and database scripts can be written in Python. Very efficient.
Use Python language and Selenium to try to do automated testing. At that time, there wasn't much about Selenium for Python, and I started blogging about it while I was learning.
Communication is the driving force for learning new technologies. Most of the time, it is difficult for us to persist in learning a new technology because of the lack of feedback. Whether it is internal sharing or community communication, it is a good feedback mechanism.
In 2014, due to project reasons, I started to use the Robot Framework testing framework. Because of the foundation of Python, I quickly understood the working principle of the Robot Framework framework and could develop system keywords according to the needs of the project.
Mastering the principles of automation tools will make it easier to use, and this also requires you to have a certain programming foundation.
In 2015, as mobile apps became more and more popular, taking advantage of the gap between jobs, I started to learn appium automation tools for a month, but I didn't continue to use them when I didn't use them in my work.
Later, I started to write web UI automation tests for another community project. After several months of work, I accumulated some experience and began to try to design a web automation framework. At that time, it was mainly for the encapsulation of Selenium API.
automated test
At that time, due to the company's size and product limitations, automated testing was never applied to the company's actual combat projects. I think there are more opportunities in the outside world. Automation has become popular and is becoming more and more popular. I want to break through the bottleneck of my testing technology, so I resolutely quit a company to do automated testing work full-time.
Later, by chance, my friend recommended me to go to a financial company to do test development, responsible for developing the company's customized test quality platform.
This is a challenge for me. In a new field, test development is very popular in first-tier cities. At that time, the salary was higher than that of junior and intermediate development engineers.
After arriving at the post, I will withstand the pressure, continuously learn the test development skills systematically, and apply what I have learned. The technical architecture adopts front-end and back-end sharing, including Python's back-end development framework Flask, front-end framework vue, elementUI components, etc.
I have been doing test development for several years, and I have truly realized that test development is equal to the work of the whole test cycle, including product function business familiarity, test platform demand design, platform front-end and back-end research and development, and platform self-test. The promotion, training and product use and operation of account holders.
Therefore, the premise of test development is rich experience in functional testing, interface automation, and UI automation are very proficient, otherwise it will be difficult to carry out test development work.
If you are also developing in the direction of automated test development
At the right age, choose the right position, and try to give full play to your own advantages.
My road to automated testing is inseparable from the plan at each stage along the way, because I like planning and summarizing, so my friends and I spent a period of time organizing and writing the following "Software Test Engineer Development Planning Route", also Organized a lot of [tutorial resources], packaged them and shared them in the official account. Friends in need can click on the small card at the end of the article to follow and get it for free. Hope that will bring you help and direction
"Software Test Engineer Development Planning Route"
1. Test basis
Understand the basic skills of testing, master the use of mainstream defect management tools, and be proficient in the operation and maintenance of test environments
| Programmer Erhei (public account) | test basis |
|---|---|
| Test Plan/Test Case | Black-box use case design equivalence class/boundary value/scenario analysis/decision table/causal diagram analysis/error inference |
| defect | Defect lifecycle/defect grading/defect management tool ZenTao/Jira |
| database | Mysql/environment construction/addition, deletion, modification and query/associated query/stored procedure |
| Linux | System construction/basic instructions/log analysis/environment construction |
2. Necessary knowledge of Linux
As the most popular software environment system, Linux must be mastered. The current recruitment requirements require Linux capabilities.
| Programmer Erhei (public account) | Essential knowledge of Linux |
|---|---|
| Introduction and preparation of Linux system | As the most popular software environment system, Linux must be known, starting from the introduction of the CenterOS version system, installation, directory structure and other basic content, and also preparing for the subsequent self-built test environment. |
| Linux remote tool Xshell | Introduce in detail how to get started with Linux, and perform regular remote management, file transfer operations, and the tools involved Xshell, Xftp |
| Linux file attributes and management | Introduce in detail how to get started with Linux, and perform regular remote management and file transfer operations, including the tools Xshell, Xftp- |
| Linux file attributes and management | Introduce in detail how to get started with Linux, and perform regular remote management, file transfer operations, and the tools involved Xshell, Xftp |
| Linux file attributes and management | Linux files, basic attributes of directories, file operations, file management, directory operations, directory management. Avoid self-destructive behavior operation, how to prevent accidental operation |
| Linux user and group management | How to add, delete, modify users and groups in Linux, and grant corresponding permissions, no longer stuck due to permission issues – |
| Linux file editor | The use of Linux file editor vi, command mode, input mode, operation examples, shortcut keys, pipeline commands, experience in use. How to edit in a system without graphics? |
| Linux common system settings | Network settings, environment variables, disk management, time settings, system resources, firewalls, everything, don't worry about being clueless. |
| Linux installation software | Linux installation commands, and how to install through tar, gz and other installation files downloaded from the Internet, such as MySQL database installation. |
| Linux Docker container | Docker container technology explanation, image mirror management, warehouse, container creation, startup, operation, mirror packaging, catch up with the industry's popular technology |
3. Shell script
Master Shell script: including Shell basics and application, Shell logic control, Shell logic function
| Programmer Erhei (public account) | Shell |
|---|---|
| Linux Shell Basics and Applications | Introduction to shell script programming, environment types, variables, parameters, operators, use of arrays, zero-distance contact scripts |
| Linux Shell logic control | Shell logic application, test command, process control, data input and output, script logic is no longer monotonous, play tricks |
| Linux Shell Functions | -Writing of shell script functions, mutual calling of files, practical application of scripts, know what development, testing, operation and maintenance can do |
| Windows Script Batch | Enough with Linux, let’s take a look at the usage of Windows common commands, batch script writing, and practical applications. It’s not all Linux everywhere. Windows scripts are also one of the commonly used scripts. You may use Windows when you see this |
4. Principles of Internet Programs
The only way to automate: basic knowledge of front-end development and necessary knowledge of Internet networks
| Programmer Erhei (public account) | Principles of Internet Programming |
|---|---|
| Basics of Web front-end development | HTML, CSS basic content learning. Why is the test class developed? Sorry, if not, automation may not be welcome, a lot of automated testing issues come from the development base |
| Web front-end development script | JavaScript is the most mainstream scripting learning. Similarly, this will also be involved in automated testing. In fact, dynamic scripts are often used in some tools, which is also the JavaScript language. |
| Debugging tools for developers to test applications | JavaScript is the most mainstream scripting learning. Similarly, this will also be involved in automated testing. In fact, dynamic scripts are often used in some tools, which is also the JavaScript language. |
| Debugging tools for developers to test applications | Although the browser's F12 is named as a developer tool, in fact, testing plays a key role in both functional testing and automated testing. Such as parsing HTML, locating elements, debugging scripts, monitoring network capture, etc. |
| Internet program network architecture | Understand in detail the birth of Internet programs, logical details, how Internet communication principles transfer data to other computers, and the relationship between TCP, UCP, HTTP, and other protocols through the network architecture. |
| HTTP protocol data structure analysis- | -A complete analysis of the HTTP protocol data structure, including the Request and Response data formats, the definition and usage of Header, what various states represent, and how to identify errors. Analyze the position of parameters in the protocol, rest structure, various common body data forms, parsing methods, and causes of common data parsing errors. |
| Cookie and Session mechanism | Interpret what Cookie is, what kind of relationship it has with Session, how to test Cookie and Session, and what to pay attention to |
5. MySQL database
Software test engineers must have MySQL database knowledge, not just the basic "addition, deletion, modification and query".
| Programmer Erhei (public account) | MySQL database |
|---|---|
| MySQL database test application | MySQL environment setup, basic use and data manipulation of client Navicat, learning and consolidating basic SQL syntax, adding, deleting, modifying and checking are indispensable, and mastering the usage methods of various conditions- |
| MySQL advanced query | Query upgrade, master multi-table query, sub query, query grouping, use of statistical functions, and learn and analyze classic interview questions |
| MySQL custom function | Since there are built-in functions, of course there is no shortage of custom functions, and they are often used. This is like any development language, which cannot be separated from the definition and use of functions. |
| MySQL stored procedure SP | How to define the essential stored procedure of the database, usually also called SP? How to test? How to use it more safely, and test what else can be done with stored procedures. More convenient content for testing |
| MySQL Transactions and Programming | Use cases of database transactions, the principle and use of indexes, the application of database SQL programming in testing, how to use it to quickly and accurately generate a large amount of specified test data |
6. Packet capture tool
Fiddler, Wireshark, Sniffer, Tcpdump and various packet capture tools are suitable for various projects, there is always one that suits you
| Programmer Erhei (public account) | Capture tool |
|---|---|
| The principle and method of packet capture | Only by understanding the principle of packet capture can we really use a suitable tool and choose the appropriate direction and method, otherwise it will be futile |
| Packet capture tool selection | Classification and efficacy of packet capture tools, what kind of project is suitable for which tool, how to identify the advantages of tools |
| Fiddler basic functions | As a professional packet capture tool for the HTTP system, it introduces its principle in detail, how to filter data, how to search for desired data, and how to capture packets in various environments such as web, non-web, mobile phones, HTTPS protocols, etc. |
| Advanced features of Fiddler | Learn to use it for interface testing, power off, scripting, etc. to modify and replace data, simulate data for interface Mock testing, and create self-defined menu functions |
| Wireshark | It is not so much a packet capture, but an analysis tool after packet capture. It uses other system-integrated packet capture tools to capture and display data in each system, and has powerful filtering and analysis functions. |
| Sniff | Black technology packet capture tool, there are many versions, very professional packet capture tool |
| Tcpdump | Packet capture plug-in artifact in Linux and Android series systems |
7. Interface testing tools
Interface testing artifact, a powerful tool you can't avoid: Jmeter. Small and flexible: Postman
| Programmer Erhei (public account) | Interface Test Tool |
|---|---|
| Getting started with Jmeter interface testing | Jmeter简介，环境准备，目录结构介绍 ，如何录制脚本，以及基础组件的使用，线程、作用域、HTTP请求、定时器、断言等等 |
| Jmeter接口测试进阶使用 | Jmeter逻辑控制、前置处理器、后置处理器、监视器、结果树，如何参数化、正则表达式关联、事务、检查点等等。并带领大家对带有token等动态数据的项目进行实战演练 |
| Jmeter接口测试高级功能 | Jmeter脚本思考时间、随机时间、线程启动间隔、并发集合点、联机远程调用，webservice、websocket、jdbc、命令调用等等 |
| Postman接口测试工具使用 | 行业标准HTTP、rest接口测试神器，基本请求、分组保存、动态变量、脚本、数据关联、参数化、自动断言、批量运行、持续集成。思路类似其他接口工具，避免泛滥学习 |
八、Web自动化测试Java&Python
了解自动化的目的，熟练掌握TestNG&unittest自动化框架，以及断言与日志处理
| 程序员二黑（公众号） | Web自动化测试Java&Python |
|---|---|
| 自动化框架思路引导 | 我们做自动化到底为了什么？节省人力、加快速度、还是让机器代替手动、还是提升自我。应该如何建立思路，而非无脑进坑任机器摆布 |
| Java&Python3开发环境及基本语法 | Java&Python开发环境搭建，基础语法入门，让不会代码的以最快速度入门，方便适应后续自动化测试开发内容学习，代码够用即可，并不是学得越多越好 |
| Java&Python3集合类型与面向对象开发 | Java&Python各种基本类型、集合数据类型的理解与操作，循环语句、判断语句，面向对象的开发，函数的使用，类的使用 |
| Selenium3环境与浏览器驱动配置 | 基于selenium3的web自动化环境搭建，正确的浏览器配置，不再为起不了浏览器而烦恼。支持IE、Firefox、Chrome等等 |
| Selenium3多种定位及动态操作 | 基于selenium3的web自动化环境搭建，正确的浏览器配置，不再为起不了浏览器而烦恼。支持IE、Firefox、Chrome等等 |
| Selenium3多种定位及动态操作 | selenium3常见定位方法，属性和值的获取，如何动态判断不一定存在的元素，复杂的网页结构，需要多步骤操作的元素等等 |
| Selenium3环境与浏览器驱动配置 | 基于selenium3的web自动化环境搭建，正确的浏览器配置，不再为起不了浏览器而烦恼。支持IE、Firefox、Chrome等等 |
| 特殊情况处理（js、特殊控件等） | selenium3自动化测试中，常见的特殊情况处理，如日期、控件、智能等待、文件上传下载、网页嵌套结构，各种弹窗的处理方式，cookie处理，JavaScript脚本调用等 |
| TestNG&unittest自动化框架使用 | Python unittest、Java TestNG自动化框架的使用，环境处理、基本使用逻辑，数据驱动模型，数据库数据载入等 |
| 自动化框架断言与日志处理 | 自动化中最重要的是什么？作为测试当然是断言，没有断言的自动化毫无用处，如何展示日志与结果是自动化测试的根本 |
| PageObject框架设计模式 | PageObject框架设计模式，到底是做什么的？如何更好的快速管理控件，从此做起 |
九、接口与移动端自动化
专业接口调用、测试解决方案。组建完整的web和接口自动化框架，Appium整体使用
| 程序员二黑（公众号） | 接口与移动端自动化 |
|---|---|
| 接口自动化方案Requests | Python Requests、Java HTTPclient接口框架，都是专业的接口调用、测试的解决方案，使用简单快速，结合工具的使用方式和功能，快速上手并对其操作，解决其中的疑难杂症 |
| web+自动化框架整合 | 自动化测试是相通的，如何将web与接口、甚至更多的测试类型和方向结合起来，组成完整的自动化框架 |
| Appium环境搭建 | Appium环境相对复杂，针对Android系统进行完整的环境搭建演练，解决环境上的问题，并进行基本的自动化操作 |
| Appium自动化实战与框架结合 | Appium整体使用与web自动化类似，引导使用典型功能，并针对一款APP进行实战操作 |
十、敏捷测试&TestOps构建
揭开TestOps的神秘面纱，持续集成Jenkins框架烂熟于心
| 程序员二黑（公众号） | 敏捷测试&TestOps构建 |
|---|---|
| 构建敏捷测试运维架构体系 | 敏捷测试是什么？为什么需要敏捷，行业都提到的devops又是什么？TestOps能做什么 |
| 持续集成Jenkins框架实战 | 持续集成最常见的一套框架，介绍Jenkins操作、权限、系统管理等，常用构建与运行实例讲解 |
| 静态扫描测试Sonar | 一款自动化的代码扫描工具，便捷式快速扫描代码中的问题，做到提前发现，统一规范，自动化中的代码测试神器 |
十一、性能测试&安全测试
软件测试的彼岸：性能测试和安全测试，选个方向努力爬坑吧！
| 程序员二黑（公众号） | 性能测试&安全测试 |
|---|---|
| 性能测试学习路线 | 如何学习性能测试，性能测试到底该怎么学习，使用什么工具？工具并不代表性能，接口的基础对性能测试非常重要，而工具只是辅助，更多的是思路和策略。你不会并不是分析而是准备阶段 |
| loadrunner脱离浏览器录制专题 | E无法启动被测网站？打不开浏览器？程序无法在浏览器中被打开？这些都没关系，还是一样能录制，但录制是偷懒专用的，对于学习有一定的辅助作用，也会带入无法脱离的坑 |
| 性能测试工具操作实践 | loadrunner、jmeter，有了前面的基础使用，看懂脚本不是问题，带上关键的参数化、动态数据关联、事物、日志，大部分的脚本都可以搞定进行实践 |
| 系统监控方案实施 | 工具自带监控？系统监控？JVM内部监控？数据库监控？各种监控的意义何在，如何在各种情况下精准监控数据 |
| 安全测试起源与工具介绍 | 应该如何进行安全测试，安全测试都有哪些分类？都会用到什么样的工具，各自的作用又是什么，如web漏洞扫描，端口扫描，系统扫描等 |
| web安全测试手工实战 | 接口测试在安全中的作用，不会手动的安全测试，那就永远无法理解自动化以后产出的结果 |
| 安全扫描工具测试实践 | 实际介绍以及使用APPscan、awvs等专业安全扫描工具 |
| 企业安全建设（SDLC） | 企业应该如何进行安全建设，制定更安全的软件生命周期。从哪些方面进行着手 |
| 安全扫描工具测试实践 | 实际介绍以及使用APPscan、awvs等专业安全扫描工具 |
| 企业安全建设（SDLC） | 企业应该如何进行安全建设，制定更安全的软件生命周期。从哪些方面进行着手 |
The above is a knowledge architecture diagram of the development direction of software testing engineers that I compiled for you. I hope that everyone can complete the construction of such a system within 3-4 years according to this system. It can be said that this process will make you miserable, but as long as you get through it. Later life will be much easier. As the saying goes, everything is difficult at the beginning, as long as you take the first step, you are already halfway to success. The ancients said, "If you don't accumulate steps, you can't reach a thousand miles." When you look back on this journey after completion, you will definitely be moved a lot.
If you don’t want to experience the feeling of not being able to find information, no one answering questions, and giving up after a few days of self-study, the information I compiled below will help you a lot: This information is for friends who are software testers
. It should be the most comprehensive and complete interview preparation warehouse. In order to better organize each module, I also refer to many high-quality blog posts and projects on the Internet, and try not to miss every knowledge point. Many friends rely on these contents for review. , I got offers from big companies such as BATJ. This warehouse has also helped many software testing learners, and I hope it can help you too!
How to get it for free:
