Table of contents
deb package file structure analysis
Build a helloworld deb package
apt command and apt-get command
Understand what makes up a Linux package
| file type | save directory |
|---|---|
| normal procedure | /usr/bin |
| root privilege program | /usr/sbin |
| program configuration file | /etc |
| log file | /var/log |
| document file | /usr/share/doc |
Linux package
The computer can only recognize machine language as binary language. When installing the source code package, you need to use a compiler to compile the source code package into an executable file.
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source package
advantage:
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open source free
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Free crop function
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modify source code
shortcoming:
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Installation steps are cumbersome
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long compile time
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Newbies can't solve compilation problems
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binary package
advantage:
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easy to use
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fast installation
shortcoming:
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Unable to read and modify source code
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Can't crop features
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strong dependence
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deb package
concept
Software installation packages for Linux distributions such as Debian, Ubuntu, and Deepin.
rpm package
concept
Software installation packages for Linux distributions such as RedHat, Fedora, and Centos.
dpkgtools
concept
The underlying package management tool is mainly used to manage the deb packages that have been downloaded and installed locally
Common commands
Install the software: dpkg -i xxxx.deb
View the installation directory: dpkg -L xxxx
Display version: dpkg -l xxxx
Details: dpkg -s xxxx
List the content: dpkg -c xxxx.deb
Uninstall the software: dpkg -r xxxx
deb package file structure analysis
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DEBIAN directory:
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control file:
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Package: software name
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Version: version
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Section: Software category
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Priority: Importance to the system
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Architecture: supported hardware platforms
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Maintainer: The maintainer of the package
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Description: A description of the software
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preinst file: shell script executed before installation
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postinst file: shell script executed after installation
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prerm file: shell script executed before uninstallation
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postrm file: shell script executed after uninstallation
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copyright file: copyright statement
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changlog file: modification record
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Software specific installation directory:
Depending on actual needs
Build a helloworld deb package
Demo: dpkg -b
other:
dpkg-buildpackage
checkinstall
...
apt command and apt-get command
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apt is the new package management tool
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Solve the problem that the apt-get command is too scattered
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The default properties of apt are user-friendly (progress bar, prompt to upgrade