Master-slave separation architecture design of e-commerce server database

Author: Zen and the Art of Computer Programming

1 Introduction

With the rapid development of the Internet, e-commerce platforms have increasingly become an important market area. Internet-based e-commerce service providers generally need to perform master-slave replication of their databases to improve system performance and reliability. Therefore, this article mainly elaborates on the design process, principles, implementation methods and related technical implementation of the master-slave replication scheme by designing the master-slave replication scheme and analyzing its advantages and disadvantages.

2. Problem background

2.1 Problems with the single database model

1. Data consistency issues

   • In single database mode, all data will be stored in the same database. When a request modifies data in two different tables at the same time, data inconsistency will occur. For example, user A purchases a product and then adds another specification of the product to the shopping cart. If the distributed transaction mechanism is not used at this time, it may lead to data inconsistency, that is, user A actually only has one product, but the order records two different products.
   • If a distributed transaction mechanism is used, synchronization between multiple data sources will be involved, which will also cause data consistency issues.

2. scalability issues

   • When the number of individual business tables increases, the scalability of the single database model may encounter a bottleneck. For example, on an e-commerce platform, the product table may have tens of thousands of records, the order table may have hundreds of thousands of records, etc. In single database mode, hardware resources cannot be effectively utilized, and the query speed of the database is limited by the disk access speed.

3. Distributed database operation and maintenance issues

   • When business volume increases, the database server in single-database mode needs to perform corresponding expansion and contraction operations according to the increasing load, but this often brings about a series of operation and maintenance complexities and difficulties. For example, when the database load reaches a certain level, how to automatically trigger the vertical split operation, and how to back up, restore, and switch the business database in single database mode require manual processing by operation and maintenance personnel.