There are obvious differences in programming paradigms between procedural programming languages (such as C) and object-oriented programming languages (such as C++).
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Abstraction level: Procedure-oriented languages focus on the writing of algorithms and procedures, decomposing the program into a series of functions or a collection of procedures. Object-oriented languages emphasize the encapsulation of data and objects, organizing programs into a series of interacting objects.
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Encapsulation and data hiding: Process-oriented languages usually have no built-in mechanism to hide data and implementation details, while object-oriented languages realize the ability of data encapsulation and hiding through the concepts of classes and objects. This protects the data from direct external access and can only be accessed through the defined interface.
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Inheritance and polymorphism: Object-oriented languages support the concepts of inheritance and polymorphism, making code reuse and extension easier. Through inheritance, you can create new classes and inherit the properties and methods of existing classes. Polymorphism makes it possible to use a reference from a parent class to point to an object of a subclass and call the corresponding method based on the actual object type.
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Design idea: Process-oriented languages prefer a top-down design idea, which is achieved by decomposing the program into a series of functions or procedures. Object-oriented languages tend to adopt a bottom-up design approach, gradually assembling a complete program by building a hierarchical structure of objects.
In general, process-oriented languages are suitable for solving relatively simple problems, and pay more attention to algorithms and process control; while object-oriented languages are more suitable for developing complex systems, providing higher flexibility through features such as encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism and code reusability.