Continuing from the previous article
7. SFP series
The SFP series is divided into SFP (Gigabit), SFP+ (10 Gigabit), QSFP+ (40G), SFP28 (25G), QSFP28 (100G), QSFP-DD (200G). It is mainly used for network optical fiber interfaces (products such as optical fiber network cards, Optical switch), used to connect network optical modules of different speeds or direct-connect lines or AOC lines.
SFP is the abbreviation of Small form plugggable. SFP, SFP+, and SFP28 have the same appearance, and the high-speed ones can be backward compatible. However, there are differences in the connectors themselves, mainly due to the shielding effect on high-speed signals (it can also be said to prevent high-speed signal interference or crosstalk), that is, the signal Differences in completeness. The same goes for QSFP+ and QSFP28, which are also backward compatible with high speed. QSFP-DD doubles the width of QSFP28. QSFP28 is 4X, QSFP-DD is 8X.
8. OCP2/OCP3 connector
OCP is the abbreviation of OPEN Compute Project, an open source hardware organization jointly launched by Facebook, Intel, Rackspace, Goldman Sachs and Arista Networks in 2011. Its mission is to provide efficient servers, storage and Data center hardware design to reduce the environmental impact of the data center.
The OCP2/OCP3 connector here is not a standard term, but these two connectors are used in the OCP2/OCP3 specification. To facilitate understanding, they are described as OCP2/OCP3 connectors. The actual names of the connectors are: 61083 series (OCP2) and SFF-TA-1002 (OCP3). Of course, these two will also be divided into many subdivisions based on different heights, different PINs, male and female seats, etc. Those who are interested can learn more. The specific appearance is as follows.
OCP2 connector
OCP3 connector
The OCP2 connector is mainly used for board-to-board interconnection. The highest supported rate of the connector is based on the rate of PCIe 3.0. The OCP3 connector is an external slot that can be connected to different types of modules (such as network cards, SSDs, graphics cards, array cards, etc.). The connector supports the PCIe5.0 standard and is the main connection in servers now and in the future. device type.
9. CPCI
Compact PCI (Compact Peripheral Component Interconnect), referred to as CPCI, also known as compact PCI in Chinese, is a bus standard. The CPCI interface has the advantages of high reliability and high density, and is widely used in high-reliability, long-term application fields such as communications, networks, real-time system control, and automation. Compared with other high-speed connectors, the bandwidth of the CPCI interface is not too high, but it is still sufficient to achieve Gigabit speed.
CPCI 2mmH.M. connector is designed according to IEC61076-4-101 and has 11 basic specifications: Type A, Type B, Type AB, Type C, Type D, Type E, Type DE, Type F, Type L, and M Type and N type.
10. M8/M12
The M12 circular connector is a high-level connector that complies with EU standards and has high signal integrity and excellent performance. For use in industrial automation and other harsh environment applications requiring compact, rugged, reliable power, signal and data connectivity. It is one of the most common specified connectors in the industrial market. M12 is standardized to IEC-61076-2-101. M12 can handle bandwidth requirements up to 10Gb/s, which is equivalent to the rate of 10 Gigabit Ethernet. The advantages are many, but the cost is high. You can choose according to actual needs.
M8 has a diameter of 8 mm, M12 has a diameter of 12 mm. The thread specifications of M8 and M12 are different, and the spacing of the threads is different. The number of pins of M8 is 3 pins and 4 pins, and the number of holes is 3 holes and 4 holes; the pins of M12 connector The numbers are 4-pin, 5-pin, 8-pin and 12-pin, and the number of holes are 4-hole, 5-hole, 8-hole and 12-hole. The application scenarios are the same.
11. USB/thunderbolt/HDMI/DP
The USB interface is familiar to everyone. It is the abbreviation of Universal Serial Bus and is also a technical specification for input and output interfaces. According to the interface appearance, it can be divided into type A, type B, type C, micro USB, miniUSB, etc. (The thunderbolt interface has the same appearance and definition as TYPE C, but the transmission rate is different.)
USB is divided into USB1.1 (12Mb/s), USB2.0 (480Mb/s), USB3.0 (5Gb/s), USB3.1 (10Gb/s), USB3.2 (X2), USB4.0 according to the speed (Based on thunderbold protocol). In the latest USB naming convention, USB3.0/3.1/3.2 are collectively called USB3.2, and are distinguished by Gen, which are USB3.2 Gen 1, USB3.2 Gen2, and USB3.2 Gen2x2.
The USB interface supports hot swapping, is easy to carry, has unified standards, and can connect multiple devices. It is widely used in PCs, servers, industrial control and other computer platforms, as well as various portable mobile devices. And it has been extended to various application scenarios such as television, games, photography, etc. It can be said that it is everywhere.
HDMI and DP are both video/display interfaces. HDMI is High Definition Multimedia Interface (abbreviation of High Definition Multimedia Interface). DP is the abbreviation of Display port. HDMI mainly replaces analog signal audio and video interfaces such as SCAR or RCA, while DP mainly replaces traditional VGA, DVI and LVDS interfaces.
HDMI is divided into 1.1/1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.0, 2.1 and other versions, and now supports up to 48Gbps. Connectors are also divided into 5 types: A, B, C, D, and E. Different types have different functions and user groups Also different.
DP is also divided into several versions. It has been updated to DP2.0, with a maximum rate of up to 80Gbps, which is 2.5 times that of DP1.4 and 1.6 times that of HDMI.
summary:
The above two articles have summarized the high-speed connectors used in servers and peripherals, and briefly introduced some of their basic characteristics and uses. In some high-speed products, different high-speed connectors often need to be selected according to the bandwidth and speed of the transmission signal. , especially when there are no standards to choose from (such as main and secondary boards, between modules), and when the corresponding high-speed connectors are not enough to choose due to structure and size factors, these high-speed connectors can be selected. refer to. For example, when transmitting PCIe signals, if conventional PCIe connectors cannot meet the structural or assembly requirements, you can choose oculink or slimlink (or if there are not many lanes, you can also consider USB, HDMI and other connectors.)