Author: Zen and the Art of Computer Programming
How to make logs manageable through logs
In modern software development, log management has become an essential part. Through logs, developers can quickly locate problems, track application performance, and diagnose potential errors. However, while log management tools play an important role in applications, they often struggle to meet the needs of governance. This article aims to explore how to achieve log governance through logs.
- introduction
1.1. Background introduction
With the rapid development of Internet applications, log management has become a very critical issue. Developers of a variety of software and services need to ensure that their applications run efficiently and reliably. Log management can help developers quickly locate problems, diagnose potential errors, and track application performance.
1.2. Purpose of the article
This article aims to explore how to achieve log governance through logs, including the following aspects:
- Introduction to technical principles: algorithm principles, operating steps, mathematical formulas, etc.
- Implementation steps and processes: preparation, core module implementation, integration and testing
- Application examples and code implementation explanations: application scenario introduction, application example analysis, core code implementation, code explanation instructions
- Optimization and improvement: performance optimization, scalability improvement, security reinforcement
- Conclusion and outlook: technical summary, future development trends and challenges
1.3. Target audience
This article is mainly intended for experienced developers who are familiar with common log management tools and technologies and want to gain a deeper understanding of how to achieve log manageability through logs. In addition, this article is also suitable for developers who want to improve their technical skills.
- Technical principles and concepts
2.1. Explanation of basic concepts
Log management is a process of diagnosing and solving problems by collecting, storing, and analyzing log information during the software development process. Log information can include error information, performance data, application status, etc.
2.2. Introduction to technical principles: algorithm principles, operating steps, mathematical formulas, etc.
Log management is usually based on some algorithms and mathematical formulas for data analysis and processing. Here are some common techniques:
- Statistical analysis: Through statistical analysis of log information, some useful information can be found, such as error rate, response time, processing time, etc.
- Event-driven analysis: By performing event-driven analysis on log information, you can quickly locate problems and find the root cause.
- Decision tree analysis: By performing decision tree analysis on log information, problems that may occur in the future can be predicted and corresponding measures can be taken.
2.3. Comparison of related technologies
Here are some common log management techniques:
- Log4j: Log4j is a popular Java logging library that makes it easy to configure and manage log output.
- Logback: Logback is a logging library that supports multiple targets and can be used to build log output for applications.
- Logz.io: Logz.io is a powerful log management service that supports multiple data sources and targets and provides a rich API.
- Prometheus: Prometheus is an open source statistical system that can easily collect and analyze large amounts of log information.
- Implementation steps and processes
3.1. Preparation: environment configuration and dependency installation
Before implementing log management, you need to ensure the following:
- Determine log management goals and rules
- Install necessary software and dependencies
3.2. Core module implementation
The core module is the core part of log management and is responsible for collecting, storing and analyzing log information. The following are the implementation steps of some core modules:
- Identify data sources: Where are log information collected from? Such as application memory, files, databases, etc.
- Configure the data source: Connect the data source to the log management system, such as Log4j, Prometheus, etc.
- Design data structure: Define data structures, such as LogEntry, LogEvent, etc., to represent log information.
- Implement data collection: implement the function of collecting log information from data sources.
- Implement data storage: store the collected log information in designated targets, such as files, databases, etc.
- Implement data analysis and query: implement the function of analyzing and querying stored log information.
3.3. Integration and testing
After the core module is implemented, it needs to be integrated and tested to confirm its functionality and performance:
- Integration testing: combine various modules to form a complete system and test it.
- Performance testing: Test the performance of the system, including data collection, data storage, data analysis and query.
- Application examples and code implementation explanations
4.1. Introduction to application scenarios
Suppose there is a web application for user registration and login. The application is implemented using Java EE technology and uses a MySQL database to store user registration information. The following is a typical application scenario:
- 用户注册
- 用户输入用户名和密码
- 将用户名和密码存储到数据库中
- 返回注册成功信息
- 用户登录
- 用户输入用户名和密码
- 将用户名和密码与数据库中存储的信息进行比对
- 如果匹配，则允许用户登录
- 返回登录成功信息
- 注销
- 用户输入用户名
- 从数据库中删除用户信息4.2. Application example analysis
In this application scenario, we can collect user registration and login log information through log management. First, we need to store the username and password entered by the user into the database, such as using the stored procedure of the MySQL database:
--存储用户注册信息的存储过程
CREATE PROCEDURE RegisterUser(
@UserName NVARCHAR(50),
@Password NVARCHAR(50)
)
AS
BEGIN
-- 将用户名和密码存储到数据库中
ENDThen, at the entrance of the application, we can record the log information of user registration:
--记录用户注册日志
CREATE LOGGER注册日志
ADD SOURCE 'RegisterUser',
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)),
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)),
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)),
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)) AS NEWLOGGER;Next, during the user login process, we can record log information:
--记录用户登录日志
CREATE LOGGER登录日志
ADD SOURCE 'Login',
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)),
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)),
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)),
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)) AS NEWLOGGER;Finally, during the user logout process, we can record log information:
--记录用户注销日志
CREATE LOGGER注销日志
ADD SOURCE '注销',
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)),
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)),
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)),
CAST('' AS CHAR(100)) AS NEWLOGGER;4.3. Core code implementation
After implementing the core module of log management, we can write core code to implement functions such as data collection, data storage, data analysis and query. Here's a simple example:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.slf4j.marker.SLF4J_12;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static java.util.List.Collections;
@SLF4J_12
public class LogManager {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogManager.class);
private static final List<String> logSourceList = new ArrayList<>();
private static final List<String> logEventList = new ArrayList<>();
private static final List<String> logFieldList = new ArrayList<>();
private static final List<String> logMethodList = new ArrayList<>();
private static final List<String> logClassList = new ArrayList<>();
private static final List<String> logMethodNameList = new ArrayList<>();
private static final List<String> logParamList = new ArrayList<>();
private static final List<String> logReturnList = new ArrayList<>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 记录日志信息
logger.info("用户注册日志");
logger.info("username: " + "{userName}", "{password}");
// 记录登录日志
logger.info("用户登录日志");
logger.info("username: " + "{userName}", "{password}");
}
public static void recordLogInfo(String source, String event, String field, String method, String class, String methodName, String parameter, String return) {
// 记录日志信息
ArrayList<String> logInfoList = new ArrayList<>();
logInfoList.add(source);
logInfoList.add(event);
logInfoList.add(field);
logInfoList.add(method);
logInfoList.add(class);
logInfoList.add(methodName);
logInfoList.add(parameter);
logInfoList.add(return);
logSourceList.add(source);
logEventList.add(event);
logFieldList.add(field);
logMethodList.add(method);
logClassList.add(class);
logMethodNameList.add(methodName);
logParamList.add(parameter);
logReturnList.add(return);
logger.info(String.format("{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}/{}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