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1.CentOS introduction:
CentOS is a Linux operating system based on open source code. It is famous for its stability, security and reliability. It has the following characteristics:
Open source: CentOS is a free, open source operating system that follows the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). This means that anyone can freely use, modify and distribute CentOS source code.
Based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL): CentOS source code is derived directly from RHEL, so it maintains a high degree of binary compatibility with commercial versions of RHEL. This makes CentOS a very reliable and stable operating system choice.
Long-term support (LTS): CentOS provides long-term support versions, usually each version has a support period of 10 years. This means users can get security updates and bug fixes over an extended period of time, which is important for enterprise and production environments.
Security: CentOS ensures the security of your system by providing timely security updates and patches. It's also supported by an active community, where users can get timely security advice and support.
Community support: CentOS has a large user community that provides extensive technical support and resources. Community members share experiences, solve problems, and provide tutorials and documentation, which allows users to better use and customize CentOS.
Server applications: Due to its stability and security, CentOS is widely used in server environments. It supports a variety of server applications, services and tools, such as web servers (such as Apache, Nginx), database servers (such as MySQL, PostgreSQL) and mail servers, etc.
Package Manager: CentOS uses YUM (Yellowdog Updater
Modified) as its main package manager. YUM makes installing, updating, and removing software packages easy and efficient.
2. Necessary preparations:
Virtual machine: VMware Workstation Pro 14
Image file: CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
6.8 is already one It is an earlier version, and it is difficult to find the image file of 6.8 now. I will provide you with the network disk address for free:
Quark network disk link: https://pan.quark.cn/s/7231da1640c4
Extraction code: ndhG
3. Create a virtual machine:
(1) Create a new virtual machine:
You can click Create a new virtual machine directly on the homepage
You can also click on the text above File, create a new virtual machine
(2) Select Custom (Advanced)
(3) Hard disk compatibility
The default is Can. This is VM14 here, click Next
(4) Choose to install the operating system later
Here, choose to install the operating system later. After the installation is complete , you can choose to delete some unnecessary hardware, such as printers, etc.
(5) Select the operating system and version
Here select the Linux system and specify Name the virtual machine for CentOS 64-bit
(6)
Specify the name of the virtual machine, you can also change it later
and specify it at the same time You can just arrange the location yourself. Here is my example
(7) Processor configuration
Set the number of CPU processors according to the performance of the real machine And the number of cores of each processor, of course 4 is not fixed
Of course, it cannot exceed your real machine, otherwise an error will be reported
(8) Set the virtual machine memory
It is recommended to specify the memory as 2G (2 x 1024MB), and the minimum is 1G. 2G is enough, and there is no need to go higher a>
(9) Set the network type
If you want to use the network, three methods are given: bridge mode, NAT mode, and host-only mode
Bridge mode: It is equivalent to establishing a communication bridge between the network card of the virtual machine and the physical host (real host), so that the external network NAT mode can be accessed through the network card of the physical host: Let the network service of the VM virtual machine function as a router, so that the host simulated by the virtual machine software can access the external network through physical annotations. The physical network card corresponding to the NAT virtual machine network card in the real machine is VMnet8 Here, I chose the bridge mode, that is, using a bridge network. If you are interested in learning more about other modes, you can check it out(10) Setting I/O Control Controller type In this step, you need to specify the I/O controller type. There are still three options (but BusLogic is not available) BusLogic is a comparison It is an older technology, and its I/O performance is much worse than LSI, but it is effective for some older systems, such as windows 2000 LSI Logic has better compatibility, and the performance of the latter two is better than BusLogic All are better Here we can choose the default recommended one(11) Select the disk type For any Guest operating system, you can set up the virtual disk as an IDE disk. For any guest operating system that has an LSI Logic or BusLogic SCSI controller driver in the virtual machine, you can set up the virtual disk as a SCSI disk. With some guest operating systems, you can set up the virtual disk as a SATA disk. For guest operating systems that support NVMe disk types, you can set the virtual disk as an NVMe disk. ——VMware Docs Generally speaking, for servers, the SCSI type is more commonly used, so just choose the default recommended one here(12) Select Create a new virtual disk(13) Specify the disk capacity Specify the disk capacity as 20G and choose to split the virtual disk into multiple files a> That’s it, click Finish(15) Temporarily prepared (14) Specify disk file After completion, the virtual machine page we just created will pop up. Don’t forget, we still have an image file that has not been specified. Click Edit Virtual Machine. Computer Settings Select CD/DVD (IDE), click to expand, select Use Image File on the right, and then specify the corresponding iso file Note: Configuration After completion, you can remove unnecessary devices such as USB controllers, sound cards, printer devices, etc. You can also click Edit Virtual Machine Settings, click Specify Hardware in Hardware, and select Remove At this point, the creation of a virtual machine is basically configured. Next, the formal installation of the CentOS system begins
4. Install the system
Turn on the power of the virtual machine and officially start installing the system
(1) Enter the installation mode
The first five options are displayed: < /span>
- Install or upgrade an existing system: Install or upgrade an existing system
This option is the default, which means to start the graphical installation interface, if it is to update and upgrade an older version , or install a new system, select this - install system with basic video driver: Use the basic video driver during the installation process
In this mode, the graphics mode is used even when there is a problem with the graphics, machine graphics card or driver. Install the system. If the screen appears distorted or blank, you may consider trying this option - Rescue installed system: Enter system repair mode
This option is used to repair the situation that has been installed but cannot start normally - Boot from local drive: Boot from local drive
- Memory test: memory test
Do RAM test before installation, not included in the installation scope
Finally, choose the first option Install or upgrade an existing system
(2) Skip the media test
This English paragraph is also very simple, it is the media test, just select skip to skip it
( 3) Select language
Enter this screen, click Next
Select language, of course, you can choose Simplified Chinese, etc., I am not sure I know, will there be some minor problems with Chinese? For the time being, I still choose English, but you can choose American English according to your own choice. In fact, these are similar. (4) Select device type -Basic Storage Devices: represents basic storage devices Specialized Storage Devices: special storage devices do not How to use Then a storage device warning may pop up, we choose to discard all data - Yes, discard any data(5) Set host name(8) Partition here There’s nothing to say, just remember it(7) to set the Root password Of course, we have to choose For China, you can scroll down and select Asia/Shanghai or find the little yellow dot of Shanghai, China on the map and click (6) Select time zone I have not made any changes here, you can make it as you wish
- Use All Space: Use all spaces
- Replace Existing Linux System(s): Replace existing Linux system(s)
- Shrink Current System: Shrink into the current system
- Use Free Space: Use free space
- Create Custom Layout: Customize hard disk partition
We choose the last item, customize the hard disk partition
Select Create, then select Standard Partition, and then click Create in ②< a i=2> The next interface has two areas that need to be modified by pulling down ① mount point (mount point) ② File System Type (system File type) The first one: divide /boot area, the system file type is ext4, give 200MB space to put the startup file The second one One: Divide the swap partition into 2048MB. There are 1, 1.5, and 2 times the memory size. The third one: Allocate all the remaining space to /(10) Select installation content Select next step directly(9) Install boot boot After clicking, select Write changes to disk. Hard disk Just select Format Select next step , a formatting warning will pop up, which means that all data in the hard disk will be destroyed Final result: Select / for the mount point, the system file type is ext4, and select Fill to maximum allowable size
- Desktop: Graphical desktop system, including some commonly used desktop software, such as document viewing tools
- Minimal Desktop: A simplified desktop system that contains less software and has been streamlined
- Minimal: Basic system, no optional software packages
- Basic Server: Character interface that does not include the desktop
- Database Server: Basic system platform, with MySQL and PostgreSQL databases, and no desktop
- Web Server: The basic system platform also includes PHP, Web server, and clients for MySQL and PostgreSQL databases. There is also no desktop.
- Virtual Host: basic system plus virtual platform
- Software Development Workstation: Contains many software packages, basic systems, desktops, virtualization platforms, development tools, etc.
As a beginner myself, I chose to install Desktop. However, using a graphical desktop will take up a lot of resources. After becoming proficient, many people will not install the desktop. The actual server may Some people install a pagoda
After the installation is completed, it looks like this, just Reboot
(11) Basic settings before booting You can use the up, down, left and right keys to move the cursor, or h, l left and right, k, j up and down Note: means to edit this configuration file, add or modify some content, move the cursor to ONBOOT=no, and change Set no to yes, save and exit Next Entering vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 See the value of ifcfg-eth0 Enter ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts and press Enter If you are a desktop user, select Open in Terminal in the blank space on the desktop. If you are not a desktop user, you can write commands directly after logging in. CentOS-6.8 cannot access the Internet after being installed by default, so you need to modify the configuration. There are many ways to configure the network. If you want to know more, you can Learn more methods to log in here. You can use the User just now or root. Since we need to set up some things later, we selected Root. The installation is complete here. (4) Configure the network Select yes For date synchronization, you can click Next directly. No matter what, kdump is a tool and service used to dump memory operating parameters when the system crashes, deadlocks or freezes. Just leave it as default and click Next Create a user. This is a non-Root user. It does not have all the permissions. Just fill it out by yourself A permission message, choose to agree, and then go to the next step
Welcome interface, don’t worry about it, just go to the next step After editing, save and exit. Press esc, the cursor will jump to the bottom, enter :wq and it’s done(五) Summary At this point, the CentOS-6.8 version is completely installed. There are still some complete configurations. You can slowly add them in the learning process. Regarding Linux, I am also a little novice. I want to record my own learning process and share it with everyone. I hope you can give me your advice. I am also very willing to communicate and learn with everyone. , and thank you all for your support, thank you all! (6) EndingIf there is any deficiencies in the article, you are welcome to leave a message and communicate. Thank you friends for your support! , if this article is helpful to you, please like, collect and follow~