Chemistry is a little about three particles: protons, neutrons, electrons combine a number of scientific trillions combined, produce all. Is a unique chemical science, sometimes referred to as connection abstract "quantum physics" bridge and more specific scientific like "biology". But chemistry is not just a bridge.
Everything is composed of atoms. Atomism in the twentieth century has been speculation for a long time, but until Einstein in 1905 (19th and 20th centuries scientists really giving birth to the golden age of ... orz) mathematically proved the existence of atoms and molecules, the entire atomic said before final decisions (and you thought Einstein's theory of relativity are doing and E = MC ^ 2 ... orz) . The way it is, in 1872 a man named botanist Robert Brown observed positive pollen inside the water through a microscope, he found that the pollen even in the absence of any external moving situation will randomly fluttering melee, which For a long time is a mystery. Until 1905, Einstein theorized that the phenomenon is not yet proven to be out of the tiny pollen particles continue to impact caused (so breakdown of what the birth of chemistry but also 114 years ... orz). He wrote some magnificent formula (noble math ... orz), proved his theory can predict almost perfectly this phenomenon, and we can only think of: "Yes, there really is something small dispersed pollen in the crash, Therefore, 'molecule', and further 'atom', really exist. "today we commemorate the botanist and the campaign he has found, adding that such a movement as" Brownian motion. "
So all we are given is composed by a number of spherical objects, which makes some people started thinking, what if we have to cut in half what would happen? Finally, you'll get a single substance that can no longer be separated. Atom (atom) is derived from the Greek word "indivisible" means. Although we know the atomic fact, or can be divided in World War II. Therefore, fine particles and indivisible all things are made of atoms, which is three times depending on the nature of the arrangement of atoms in the particles. Proton (Proton) heavy and positively charged, neutrons (Neutron) about the size, but not charged with protons, electrons (Electron) with a proton with the same amount, but opposite to electrically (negatively charged), and hardly any quality, 1800 is about one minute protons or neutrons only. Protons and neutrons in the nucleus (Nucleus) in tenderness, of the nucleus is composed of particles, they also called nuclear (nucleus). Akira electrons outside the nucleus, these interesting chemical reactions that occur atoms are carried out by their.
Inside the nucleus, the number of protons determines what kind of element it is. The number of protons in an element is referred to as "atomic" (the periodic table which is located directly above the element), because that is the decisive feature of each element. Nucleus (nuclei) is a boring thing, their size is only one-thousandth of a whole number of atoms, and most of the time they just stayed there, they maintain was created billions of years ago look like, the four fundamental forces of physics that the strongest - the strong nuclear force, the sustain. Because of the nuclei was bored so they are the most important elements of the type characteristics of the decision. Electrons can freely jumping between atoms, but the number of protons is almost always very stable. So atomic center - the nucleus, after the chemical reaction is always intact, which is why you can shuttle with a bunch of atoms in chemical reactions, may still remain the same. And the same number of protons and all other atoms of the same nature. Atomic number is the soul of atoms, this number determines the atom is an atom reason. Neutrons (Neutron) have different importance, of course, but it does not change the atom which is one element. One for all chemical substances are two key things - charge (charge). But precisely because it is uncharged neutrons typically does not affect the properties of an atom. Nevertheless they are still very important, we all know that things with the same charge repel each other, like a neutron peacemaker between the protons, you can not put 47 silver atoms protons in the nucleus of their own stuffed inside, they not be able to hold on while he pulled loose. So a nucleus can only be maintained forever live in the presence of an appropriate number of protons and neutrons situation. Silver takes about 60 neutrons only way to take it apart 47 protons. But in fact they do not happen to be 60, in fact silver nucleus has 62 neutrons is also very stable, 61 words will not work (why?). Silver does not become even in its atomic number of different number of neutrons, protons because the number has not changed, but it will change the relative atomic mass. "Relative atomic mass (relative atomic mass)", also known as "atomic weight", substantially all of the world is the "silver" atoms, an average number of protons + neutrons. Because silver has two stable isotopes (the same number of protons, the number of atoms of different isotopes of atoms is called a neutron), each with a different number of neutrons, so that the average atomic mass is not an integer. Approximately 52% of silver and 60 neutrons (60N + 47P = 107), and about 48% silver, 62 neutrons (62N + 47P = 109), so that their average atomic mass and finally falls 107.8682 107 and 109 near the middle. Different isotopes have different mass number (mass number), just the number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus mass number. With different atomic mass, mass number simply refers to a single atom, instead of the average relative atomic mass of silver atoms throughout the world. Silver has two stable isotopes, a mass number of 107, we call "Silver 107", the other is the mass number 109, which we call "109 silver."
So, when these learned, we are now in 1900 than anyone should have to understand atoms.
Q: the number of protons atoms, neutrons and electrons are measured how?
A: We can now use the atomic emission spectroscopy to measure profiles of the atom, and then use a standard library which contrast lines, which element analyzed, can naturally obtain all of the information elements.
Q: Standard gallery is how to determine it? The first atom is how the quantitative and qualitative it?
A: Nani? How is it? orz
-- to be solved--