Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)

# You a small partner Hello everyone, this is to share relevant theoretical knowledge and system security applications and operating system Linux. I will be illustrated by the following analysis and related experiments:

A clean-up system accounts:

  • The non-logged-in user's shell to / sbin / nologin
  • Long-term use of the account is not locked
  • Delete unused accounts
  • Lock the account file passwd, shadow

Next we do the experiment for control and management account file:

Enter: grep "bash" $ "/ etc / passwd ( see which users can log in the current server)
Input: useradd lisi (add user lisi)
enter: passwd lisi (to lisi account password)
enter: grep" bash "$" / etc / passwd (now appears with a root, zhngsan, lisi three account can log)
file locking steps:
input: lssttr / etc / passwd / etc / shadow ( see the case file unlocked state)
input: chattr + i / etc / passwd / etc / shadow ( the file lock)
input: lssttr / etc / passwd / etc / shadow ( see the case file status is locked, there are "i" symbol)
input: useradd wangwu (this time can not add user)
input: chattr -i / etc / passwd / etc / shadow ( the account unlock the file)
over the implementation process is as follows:
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)

Second, password security control:

1. Set password expiration
Change Password 2. When the user next logs required

常用格式:
[root@localhost~]#vi /etc/login.defs(适用于新建用户)
……
PASS_MAX_DAYS 30
[root@localhost~]#chage -M 30 lisi(适用于已由用户)
[root@localhost~]#chage-d 0 zhngsan(强制在下次登录时更改密码)

设置密码有效期的实验:

输入:vim /etc/shadow(查看账户密码文件)
输入:q(退出)
输入:vim /etc/login.defs(改密码属性文件)
输入:/99999(定位查询)
按:dw(删除当前数值)
按:a(插入)
输入:30(设置新的数值)
输入:wq(保存退出)
创建新用户验证:
输入:useradd zhaoliu(创建新用户zhaoliu)
输入:passwd zhaoliu(设置密码,此处123123)
输入:vim /etc/shadow(再次查看账户密码文件)
此时发现对比:新创建zhaoliu用户有效期为30天,而老用户不生效依然为99999天
以上过程执行如下:
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)

接下来就是解决已创建用户密码最长时间的修改问题:

输入:chage -M 30 wangwu (修改已由账户wangwu的密码失效最长时间为30天)
输入:vim /etc/shadow(查看账户密码文件)
此时发现wangwu账户密码最长失效时间被修改为30天
以上过程执行如下:
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)

设置下一次登录时需要修改密码实验:

1、输入:chage -d 0 lisi(设置李四下次登录时需要重新设置密码)
2、输入:vim /etc/shadow(查看账户密码文件查看lisi账户的密码有效期)
3、此时还是99999,没有变化
我们进入CentOS 7本地终端使用lisi账户进行登录:
4、lisi账户,输入原有密码123123回车登录
5、此时提示输入UNIX密码,依然输入lisi账户之前的密码123123回车登录
6、接下来提示我们设置新密码,输入:321abc!回车后提示“密码未通过字典检查,过于简单”
7、此处经过多次测试,输入如下密码:asdf1928,回车可进入下一步确认密码界面,输入相同密码后就可进入系统
以上过程执行如下:
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)

博主亲测提示:此处修改的密码不允许用连续的字母和阿拉伯数字,否则强行尝试会让你怀疑人生!


三.命令历史限制

1.减少记录的命令条数(原本有1000条)
2.注销时自动清空命令历史
常见选项示例:

[root@localhost~]#vi/etc/profile
HISTSIZE=200
[root@localhost~]#vi ~/.bash_logout
history -c
clear

命令历史限制实验:

输入:history(查看历史命令记录)
在此处可以产看到默认的留存历史命令记录为1000条
输入:/1000,查找到此处
按:Shift+R,替换
输入:20,光标移到后面两个0,按x删除
输入:wq保存退出
输入:history(再次查看历史命令记录)
此时依然显示我们之前所有命令的总条数,而不是20条,是因为我们在更改过配置之后需要让它生效之后再重新查看才可以
输入:source /etc/prfile(修改配置生效)
输入:history(再次查看历史命令记录)
此时显示出来的就是我们输入的最后20条历史命令
以上过程执行结果如下:
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)

如果只想针对用户进行注销时自动清空命令历史的话,该如何操作:
此处例如lisi账户

输入:cd /home/lisi(进入lisi账户的家目录)
输入:ls -a(查看隐藏文件)
执行:.bash_profile(客户环境变量文件)
输入:vim .bash_logout(对登出的变量文件进行编辑)
输入:history -c(清空历史)
输入:clear(清空缓存)
输入:wq(保存退出)
以上过程执行过程结果如下:
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)

四.终端自动注销:

1.闲置600秒后自动注销

示例:br/>[root@localhost~]#vi~/.bash_profile
export TMOUT=600

设置终端自动注销实验:

Input: vim / etc / profile (specified)
by: Big G to the last line
by: O (Inserts)
Input: export TMOUT = 15 (set to automatically logoff 15S)
Input: WQ (save and exit)
Input: source / etc / profile (modified execution)
wait 15 seconds you will be prompted to enter the wait timeout, automatically logout
the above execution results are as follows:
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)
Resolution system security and application of Linux (a)

We can be more experiments related operations command followed by step, thank you for watching and supporting!

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Origin blog.51cto.com/14464303/2432751