Detailed instructions
- [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F1] ~ [F6] switch user
- [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F7] to switch back to the graphical interface
- Tab command completion, the directory completion, parameter completion command
- [Ctrl + c] termination procedure
- Ctrl + d or exit
a keyboard or exit end of the input terminal - Ctrl + s
to pause the current program, press any key to resume operation after a pause - Ctrl + z
The current program runs in the background, back to the front desk for the command fg - Ctrl + a
move the cursor to the first input line, the Home key corresponding to - Ctrl + e
move the cursor to an input end of a line, corresponding to the End key - Ctrl + k
Delete from the cursor position to the end of the line - Alt + Backspace
delete one word forward - Shift + PgUp
the terminal display scrolls up - Shift + PgDn
terminal displays scroll down - Shell commonly used wildcards:
*Match zero or more characters- ? Matches any single character
- Any single character [list] matches the list
- [^ List] matches any character other than a single character in the list of
- [C1-c2] c1-c2 match any single character, such as in: [0-9] [az]
- {String1, string2, ...} or matching string1 string2 (or more) one string
- {C1..c2} matches all characters c1-c2 as in {1..10}
- Details man <> command to get a description and usage patterns
- Other common who command parameters
- -a Print can print all
- -d print dead processes
- -m 同am i,mom likes
- -q print and the number of users currently logged on user name
- -u Print login user information
- -r Print run level
- su switch user
- sudo root permission to use
- groups Find a user group
- cat read and print the contents of the specified file to the output terminal
- usermod add a user group for the user, also use this command you must have root privileges
- ls List files
- cd Go file location
- chmod modify file permissions
- . Represents the current directory, and .. is the parent directory (note that we introduced in the previous section to files beginning are hidden files, so the two must also be a hidden directory, you can use the ls -a command View hidden files), - a directory on the said ~ typically denotes the current user's home directory.
- Get the current path pwd
- touch command to create a blank document, the main role is to change the existing file timestamps
- cp (copy) command to copy a file to a specified directory
- mkdir (make directories) command to create an empty directory
- rm (remove files or directories) command to delete a file
- mv (move or rename files) command to move files (cut) mv old file name new file name
- tac printed to the standard output file contents (flashback shown)
- nl add line numbers and print
- -b: Specifies the number of ways to add rows, there are two:
-ba: indicate whether or not the line is empty, also lists the line number ( "cat -n" is this way)
-bt: list only non-blank line the numbers and lists (by default this way)
-n: set the line number of styles, there are three:
-n LN: far left field line number display
-n rn: the far right field line number is displayed, not plus 0
-n rz: the far right field line number is displayed, and add 0
-w: digit line number field occupied (the default is 6)
- more and less commands to view the paging file
- Enter keys to scroll down one line, use the Space key to scroll down a screen, press the h display help, q quit
- head and tail command to view the file, the default is 10 lines, 10 lines is insufficient to display all look even more direct line, coupled with the -n option, followed by the number of rows: $ tail -n 1 / etc / passwd
- File type command to view a file
- In order to distinguish from ordinary variable, usually we are used to set the environment variable name in uppercase.
- declare command creates a variable
- set
displays the current Shell all variables, including the built-in environment variables (related to appearance Shell), user-defined variables and environment variables derived. - env
display environment variables associated with the current user, also allows the command to run in the specified environment. - export
display to a variable derived from Shell in an environment variable, it can also be exported as environment variables custom variable. - Create a file gedit
- whereis, which, find and locate search
- du command to view the default compression level respectively, the minimum and maximum compression and uncompressed file size
- zip compression
- unzip unzip
- tar package
- du command to view the default compression level respectively, the minimum and maximum compression and uncompressed file size
- df view disk capacity
dd command for converting and copying files
- Hand command every time and error-prone
- Careful + shortcut command [on]
- I do not understand the meaning as the original instruction does not facilitate understanding sudo
- After searching more strange, sudo is their series, cat really just a cat, but really profound impression
- I do not know why I use a series of command ls -l file number is zero some trouble
- He built himself a try
- I can not remember too many nouns
- Take your time, side by side in mind
- In accordance with the requirements of the laboratory building codes did not respond to fight
- After ask students find this normal. It shows a success.
- Learned, will not use
Mainly the lack of exercise, after plenty of opportunities