MySQL is separated from the master copy with a reader (Practice papers)

MySQL master-slave replication type

Statement-based replication (default)

• Statements executed on the primary server, execute the same statement from the server

Row-based replication

• Copy the contents from the server to change

Mixed type of replication

• Once found based on statements can not be precisely replicated, it will use row-based replication

Master-slave replication over

MySQL to read and write separation principle

• Separate read and write is only on the primary server to write, read-only from the server
• The main transactional database query processing, and the processing select from a database query
• Database replication is used to query the transaction due to changes sync to the cluster from the database

Separate read and write process

Hands-on

lab environment

amoeba服务器IP地址：192.168.144.160
master服务器IP地址：192.168.144.151
slave1服务器IP地址：192.168.144.163
slave2服务器IP地址：192.168.144.145
client客户端

Install ntp time server on the master server

[root@ameoba ~]# yum install ntp -y   //安装时间服务器
[root@master1 ~]# vim /etc/ntp.conf 
##在server下添加
server 127.127.144.0      //本地是时间源
fudge 127.127.144.0 stratum 8   //设置时间层级为8

[root@master1 ~]# systemctl start ntpd    //启动时间服务
[root@master1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld   //关闭防火墙
[root@master1 ~]# setenforce 0

Install ntp, ntpdate service on slave1

[root@slave1 ~]# yum install ntp ntpdate -y
[root@slave1 ~]# systemctl start ntpd
[root@slave1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@slave1 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@slave1 ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.144.151    //同步主服务器时间
29 Nov 16:58:43 ntpdate[4932]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting

Install ntp, ntpdate service on slave2

[root@slave2 ~]# yum install ntp ntpdate -y
[root@slave2 ~]# systemctl start ntpd
[root@slave2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@slave2 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@slave2 ~]# /usr/sbin/ntpdate 192.168.144.151
29 Nov 17:02:08 ntpdate[4850]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting

On the master, slave1, slave2 are mounted MySQL-5.5.24

[root@master1 ~]# mkdir /abc   //创建挂载点
[root@master1 ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.8/LNMP-C7 /abc/   //远程挂载
Password for root@//192.168.100.8/LNMP-C7:  
[root@master1 ~]# cd /abc/
[root@master1 abc]# ls
mysql-5.5.24
[root@master1 abc]# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.24.tar.gz -C /opt/   //解压
[root@master1 opt]# yum install -y \
> gcc gcc-c++ \
> ncurses \
> ncurese-devel \    //控制终端屏幕显示的库
> bison \                 //语法分析
> make
> cmake                 //cmake工具
> libaio-devel         //系统调用来实现异步IO

[root@slave1 opt]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql   //添加不可登录的mysql用户
[root@slave1 opt]# cd /opt/mysql-5.5.24/
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql   //创建安装目录
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# cmake \      //配置
> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \    //安装路径
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/home/mysql/mysql.sock \   //sock文件路径
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \      //字符集
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
> -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
> -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \     //存储引擎
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_READLINE=1 \
> -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql \     //数据文件路径
> -DMYSQL_USER=mysql \      //用户
> -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306    //端口

[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# make && make install   //编译及安装
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql   //设置mysql属主属组
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/profile   //配置环境变量便于系统识别
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# source /etc/profile   //刷新配置文件
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf   //主配置文件
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"？ yes
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld   //启动文件
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld    //设置权限
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysqld    //添加到service管理中
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# chkconfig mysqld --level 35 on   //开机自启动
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \   //初始化数据库
> --user=mysql \
> --ldata=/var/lib/mysql \
> --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
> --datadir=/home/mysql

[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld    //编辑启动脚本文件
basedir=/usr/local/mysql   //找到此处添加路径
datadir=/home/mysql
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld start    //启动MySQL
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# mysqladmin -u root password 'abc123'  //设置密码

Configure the master primary server

[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id       = 11     //服务ID号
log-bin=master-bin                         //主服务器日志文件
log-slave-updates=true                   //从服务器更新二进制日志
[root@master1 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld restart   //重启MySQL服务
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@master1 ~]# mysql -uroot -pabc123   //进入数据库

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'myslave'@'192.168.144.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';    //给从服务器提权复制权限，名为myslave密码123456对于144段网段
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;    ##刷新提权
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;   ##查看主服务器状态
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000002 |      338 |              |                  |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

From server configuration slave1

[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id       = 22              //另外一台为23

relay-log=relay-log-bin                         //从主服务器上同步日志文件记录到本地
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index           //定义relay-log的位置和名称
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld restart    //重新服务
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!  
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@slave1 mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -uroot -pabc123

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.144.151',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000002',master_log_pos=338;    //同步主服务器二进制文件和位置使用授权的账号密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;     //开启同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;   ##查看状态
                            Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
                    Read_Master_Log_Pos: 338
                             Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000001
                                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
                Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
                         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

From server configuration slave2

[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id       = 23              

relay-log=relay-log-bin                         //从主服务器上同步日志文件记录到本地
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index           //定义relay-log的位置和名称
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# service mysqld restart    //重新服务
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!  
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@slave2 mysql-5.5.24]# mysql -uroot -pabc123

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.144.151',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000002',master_log_pos=338;    //同步主服务器二进制文件和位置使用授权的账号密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> start slave;    //开启同步
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;    //查看状态
                            Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
                    Read_Master_Log_Pos: 338
                             Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000001
                                Relay_Log_Pos: 4
                Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000002
                         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
                        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Test synchronization situation

Master

mysql> create database school;    //创建school数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Slave1

mysql> show databases;   //查看数据库,实现主从同步
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Slave2

mysql> show databases;   //查看数据库,实现主从同步
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Server Configuration amoeba

[root@amoeba ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service   //关闭防火墙
[root@amoeba ~]# setenforce 0
[root@amoeba ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.8/LNMP-C7 /mnt/  //挂载
Password for root@//192.168.100.8/LNMP-C7:  
[root@amoeba ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@amoeba mnt]# ls
[root@amoeba mnt]# cp jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin /usr/local/   //复制jdk二进制文件到/usr/local下
[root@amoeba mnt]# cd /usr/local/
[root@amoeba local]# ./jdk-6u14-linux-x64.bin      //直接执行安装
Do you agree to the above license terms? [yes or no]
yes                //选择yes进行安装
Press Enter to continue.....
##回车继续
[root@amoeba local]# mv jdk1.6.0_14/ /usr/local/jdk1.6         //简化文件名
[root@amoeba local]# vim /etc/profile         //设置环境变量
...
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.6            //家目录
export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib            //class环境变量
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin/:$PATH:$HOME/bin           //环境变量
export AMOEBA_HOME=/usr/local/amoeba                  //amoeba家目录
export PATH=$PATH:$AMOEBA_HOME/bin                //环境变量
[root@amoeba local]# source /etc/profile            //刷新配置文件
[root@amoeba local]# mkdir /usr/local/amoeba         //创建amoeba目录
[root@amoeba local]# cd /mnt/
[root@amoeba mnt]# tar zxvf amoeba-mysql-binary-2.2.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/amoeba      //解压amoeba压缩包
[root@amoeba mnt]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/amoeba/            //设置权限
[root@amoeba mnt]# /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba                //检查是否安装成功
amoeba start|stop

Authorized amoeba accessible on the master, slave1, slave2

grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.144.%' identified by '123.com';    //给amoeba访问权限用户test密码123.com

Back amoeba modify server configuration files

[root@amoeba conf]# vim amoeba.xml       //修改主配置文件
---30行--
 <property name="user">amoeba</property>        //从服务器同步主服务器的用户密码
----32行---------
 <property name="password">123456</property>
---117-去掉注释-
 <property name="defaultPool">master</property>
 <property name="writePool">master</property>
 <property name="readPool">slaves</property>
:wq
[root@amoeba conf]# vim conf/dbServers.xml       //配置数据库配置文件
--26-29--去掉注释--
 <property name="user">test</property>

 <property name="password">123.com</property>
-----42-主服务器地址---
<dbServer name="master"  parent="abstractServer">
 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.144.151</property>
--52-从服务器主机名-
<dbServer name="slave1"  parent="abstractServer">
 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.144.163</property>
 ##复制6行添加slave2
 <dbServer name="slave2"  parent="abstractServer">
 <property name="ipAddress">192.168.144.145</property>
--65行左右--
 <dbServer name="slaves" virtual="true">
 <poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">
--末尾--
<property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property>
 </poolConfig>
[root@amoeba conf]# /usr/local/amoeba/bin/amoeba start&      //开启amoeba服务
[root@amoeba ~]# netstat -anpt | grep java           //开启另一个终端查看开启情况
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:26268         :::*                    LISTEN      40925/java          
tcp6       0      0 :::8066                 :::*                    LISTEN      40925/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.144.160:34090    192.168.144.151:3306     ESTABLISHED 40925/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.144.160:33866    192.168.144.145:3306     ESTABLISHED 40925/java          
tcp6       0      0 192.168.144.160:55984    192.168.144.163:3306     ESTABLISHED 40925/java 

Separating the client read and write tests

[root@client ~]# yum install mysql -y      //安装测试数据库

client to create a table

[root@client ~]# mysql -u amoeba -p123456 -h 192.168.144.160 -P8066     //使用amoeba账户密码登录amoeba
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;   //查看数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| #mysql50#.mozilla  |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
| test               |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [(none)]> use school;        //使用数据库
Database changed
MySQL [school]> create table info (         //创建表
        -> id int(4) not null primary key,
        -> name varchar(10) not null,
        -> score decimal(4,1) not null);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

Check whether there is the master table created from the server

mysql> use school;    ##使用数据库
Database changed
mysql> show tables;  ##查看表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| info             |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Close slave synchronization from the server in two

mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Writing data on the client table

MySQL [school]> insert into info (id,name,score) values (1,'zhangsan',88);  //插入数据内容
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)

View on the Master

mysql> select * from info;
+----+----------+-------+
| id | name     | score |
+----+----------+-------+
|  1 | zhangsan |  88.0 |
+----+----------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

In the view from the server

mysql> select * from info;  //slave上没有写入
Empty set (0.00 sec)

View the client

mysql> insert into info (id,name,score) values (2,'lisi',70);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

To write to slave2

mysql> insert into info (id,name,score) values (3,'wuwang',60);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

See info table data (polling mode) on the test machine

MySQL [school]> select * from info;
+----+--------+-------+
| id | name   | score |
+----+--------+-------+
|  3 | wuwang |  60.0 |
+----+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [school]> select * from info;
+----+------+-------+
| id | name | score |
+----+------+-------+
|  2 | lisi |  70.0 |
+----+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)