+ = Once a mistake to delay a new discovery

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  This story from talking about a few years ago. A few years ago, <strong> Kama Sa </ strong> (Roberto Camassa) and <strong> McLaughlin </ strong> (Richard McLaughlin) two professors in charge of Marine Science and Applied Mathematics Laboratory is for the joint fluid a VIP tour preparation demonstration experiment. The two professors focused on the study of stratified fluid, they intend to show a complex but is not very popular "parlor trick": as long as the salt water due to density differences and uniform stratification, thrown into the salt water of the ball will sink to the bottom the process of "bouncing up."
  But the head of graduate students in the experimental setting lower density fluid made a mistake. After the ball "bounces" immersion was suspended in water, and does not sink in the end portion.
  Professor McLaughlin recalled: "Then I made a good decision, there is no clean up the mess." He told the students:. "Go home, and then clean up after us," the next morning, the balls are still suspended in a liquid, they started together, it seems to be no reason to self-assembling together. 
  This phenomenon has aroused great interest of scientists. They eventually found a potential mechanism behind the phenomenon, of course, the whole process of discovery contains more than two years of research and experimental basis a large number of mathematical knowledge.
  In the "natural communication" December 20, they reported that this new phenomenon and its mechanism behind this phenomenon produces a fluid force, <strong> can be immersed in a move due to the different density stratified fluid the fine particles and gather them together </ strong>. This breakthrough is how particles accumulate in lakes and oceans provide a new interpretation of this finding might be used in many aspects of locating biological hotspots, clean environment, and even sorting and packaging.
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  In a fluid system, settlement and how the material gathered is a broad and important areas of research under gravity, its people and the planet have a major impact. Marine and other natural water bodies there are many stable density stratification. In the sea, there is a named <strong> marine snow </ strong> (marine snow) phenomenon, which refers to the organic debris will continue to settle from the upper waters to the deep ocean to go. Nutrient-rich marine snow is not only vital to the global food chain, and these chips eventually accumulate in the depths of the ocean, creating the largest carbon pool on Earth, there is one part of the carbon cycle in the Earth's least known. At the same time, as environmental pollution, people are increasingly worried about the impact of floating in the ocean micro plastic on the environment.
  It has long been considered the accumulation of marine particles is the result of accidental collision and attachment. However, according to the new study, a completely different and unexpected mechanism of water is playing a role. In this paper, the researchers demonstrated suspended in a liquid of a density gradient (e.g., due to differences in salinity and sea water stratification), it exhibits two particles can previously undetected behavior.
  First, the particles in the absence of electrostatic attraction or magnetic attraction of cases, gathered themselves together, or for microbes, without the help of flagella or cilia propulsion and other devices, they will gather themselves. Secondly, the microparticles do not require any adhesive or other adhesive force will be gathered together. They form larger groups, the stronger suction.
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  container with different density stratification brine, lower density upper layer is fresh water. Micro plastic beads are thrown into a container, plastic beads were pulled down by gravity, while being pushed up by the buoyancy. When they are suspended in water, the interaction of the diffusion of the buoyancy and the equilibrium salt concentration gradient, the water flow is generated around the plastic beads, plastic beads, leading to start moving slowly.
  However, plastic beads not move randomly. Initially isolated plastic beads feel a mutual attraction forces, first in the form of the local group. At the same time these small local groups attracted to each other, they seem to start their own "jigsaw puzzle", we are trying to fill the puzzle. As the group is growing, fluid force is also increasing. These micro plastic beads ultimately formed in the shape of a large disk. 
  And a series of calculations and experimental simulations, scientists have discovered a previously unknown phenomenon of the first principle of fluid dynamics, which opens a new door to understanding the organization of the substance in the environment.
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  in estuaries and deep sea and other highly stratified water column, understand this phenomenon mathematically might allow scientists to simulate and predict the location of biological hotspots, including finding commercial fish or endangered species feeding ground. Using this phenomenon, perhaps the opportunity to develop a better way to locate micro-plastic in the ocean, and even the discovery of oil from the deep sea. Fluid or laboratory experiments on an industrial scale, this mechanism may also be used to classify materials of different density, such as classification of recycled cullet different colors.
  McLaughlin said: "Over the years we have been studying the stratification of the fluid system, usually through a hierarchical system of research material behavior of this discovery is one of the most exciting things in my career encountered.."

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