Le module tkinter ("interface Tk") est l'interface de la boîte à outils graphique standard Tk de Python. Tk et Tkinter peuvent être utilisés sur la plupart des plates-formes Unix et peuvent également être appliqués aux systèmes Windows et Mac. Les versions ultérieures de Tk8.0 peuvent être implémentées Style de fenêtre locale et fonctionne bien sur la plupart des plates-formes.
Étant donné que Tkinter est intégré au package d'installation de Python, tant que Python est installé, vous pouvez importer la bibliothèque Tkinter et IDLE est également écrit en Tkinter. Pour une interface graphique simple, Tkinter peut toujours y faire face.
Voyons comment utiliser le module tkinter en Python pour dessiner un bel arbre.
Le code peut être téléchargé à partir de la Linux Community Resource Station:
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Le répertoire de téléchargement spécifique se trouve dans / 2020 données / 13 avril / Dessinez un arbre en utilisant le module tkinter en Python /
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Le tableau des effets est le suivant:
Code:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import Tkinter
import sys, random, math
class Point(object):
def __init__(self, x, y):
self.x = x
self.y = y
def __str__(self):
return "<Point>: (%f, %f)" % (self.x, self.y)
class Branch(object):
def __init__(self, bottom, top, branches, level = 0):
self.bottom = bottom
self.top = top
self.level = level
self.branches = branches
self.children = []
def __str__(self):
s = "Top: %s, Bottom: %s, Children Count: %d" % \
(self.top, self.bottom, len(self.children))
return s
def nextGen(self, n = -1, rnd = 1):
if n <= 0: n = self.branches
if rnd == 1:
n = random.randint(n / 2, n * 2)
if n <= 0: n = 1
dx = self.top.x - self.bottom.x
dy = self.top.y - self.bottom.y
r = 0.20 + random.random() * 0.2
if self.top.x == self.bottom.x:
# 如果是一条竖线
x = self.top.x
y = dy * r + self.bottom.y
elif self.top.y == self.bottom.y:
# 如果是一条横线
x = dx * r + self.bottom.x
y = self.top.y
else:
x = dx * r
y = x * dy / dx
x += self.bottom.x
y += self.bottom.y
oldTop = self.top
self.top = Point(x, y)
a = math.pi / (2 * n)
for i in range(n):
a2 = -a * (n - 1) / 2 + a * i - math.pi
a2 *= 0.9 + random.random() * 0.2
self.children.append(self.mkNewBranch(self.top, oldTop, a2))
def mkNewBranch(self, bottom, top, a):
dx1 = top.x - bottom.x
dy1 = top.y - bottom.y
r = 0.9 + random.random() * 0.2
c = math.sqrt(dx1 ** 2 + dy1 ** 2) * r
if dx1 == 0:
a2 = math.pi / 2
else:
a2 = math.atan(dy1 / dx1)
if (a2 < 0 and bottom.y > top.y) \
or (a2 > 0 and bottom.y < top.y) \
:
a2 += math.pi
b = a2 - a
dx2 = c * math.cos(b)
dy2 = c * math.sin(b)
newTop = Point(dx2 + bottom.x, dy2 + bottom.y)
return Branch(bottom, newTop, self.branches, self.level + 1)
class Tree(object):
def __init__(self, root, canvas, bottom, top, branches = 3, depth = 3):
self.root = root
self.canvas = canvas
self.bottom = bottom
self.top = top
self.branches = branches
self.depth = depth
self.new()
def gen(self, n = 1):
for i in range(n):
self.getLeaves()
for node in self.leaves:
node.nextGen()
self.show()
def new(self):
self.leavesCount = 0
self.branch = Branch(self.bottom, self.top, self.branches)
self.gen(self.depth)
print "leaves count: %d" % self.leavesCount
def chgDepth(self, d):
self.depth += d
if self.depth < 0: self.depth = 0
if self.depth > 10: self.depth = 10
self.new()
def chgBranch(self, d):
self.branches += d
if self.branches < 1: self.branches = 1
if self.branches > 10: self.branches = 10
self.new()
def getLeaves(self):
self.leaves = []
self.map(self.findLeaf)
def findLeaf(self, node):
if len(node.children) == 0:
self.leaves.append(node)
def show(self):
for i in self.canvas.find_all():
self.canvas.delete(i)
self.map(self.drawNode)
self.canvas.tag_raise("leaf")
def exit(self, evt):
sys.exit(0)
def map(self, func = lambda node: node):
# 遍历树
children = [self.branch]
while len(children) != 0:
newChildren = []
for node in children:
func(node)
newChildren.extend(node.children)
children = newChildren
def drawNode(self, node):
self.line2(
# self.canvas.create_line(
node.bottom.x,
node.bottom.y,
node.top.x,
node.top.y,
fill = "#100",
width = 1.5 ** (self.depth - node.level),
tags = "branch level_%d" % node.level,
)
if len(node.children) == 0:
# 画叶子
self.leavesCount += 1
self.canvas.create_oval(
node.top.x - 3,
node.top.y - 3,
node.top.x + 3,
node.top.y + 3,
fill = "#090",
tag = "leaf",
)
self.canvas.update()
def line2(self, x0, y0, x1, y1, width = 1, fill = "#000", minDist = 10, tags = ""):
dots = midDots(x0, y0, x1, y1, minDist)
dots2 = []
for i in range(len(dots) - 1):
dots2.extend([dots[i].x,
dots[i].y,
dots[i + 1].x,
dots[i + 1].y])
self.canvas.create_line(
dots2,
fill = fill,
width = width,
smooth = True,
tags = tags,
)
def midDots(x0, y0, x1, y1, d):
dots = []
dx, dy, r = x1 - x0, y1 - y0, 0
if dx != 0:
r = float(dy) / dx
c = math.sqrt(dx ** 2 + dy ** 2)
n = int(c / d) + 1
for i in range(n):
if dx != 0:
x = dx * i / n
y = x * r
else:
x = dx
y = dy * i / n
if i > 0:
x += d * (0.5 - random.random()) * 0.25
y += d * (0.5 - random.random()) * 0.25
x += x0
y += y0
dots.append(Point(x, y))
dots.append(Point(x1, y1))
return dots
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = Tkinter.Tk()
root.title("Tree")
gw, gh = 800, 600
canvas = Tkinter.Canvas(root,
width = gw,
height = gh,
)
canvas.pack()
tree = Tree(root, canvas, Point(gw / 2, gh - 20), Point(gw / 2, gh * 0.2), \
branches = 2, depth = 8)
root.bind("n", lambda evt: tree.new())
root.bind("=", lambda evt: tree.chgDepth(1))
root.bind("+", lambda evt: tree.chgDepth(1))
root.bind("-", lambda evt: tree.chgDepth(-1))
root.bind("b", lambda evt: tree.chgBranch(1))
root.bind("c", lambda evt: tree.chgBranch(-1))
root.bind("q", tree.exit)
root.mainloop()
