MySQLデータベースのバックアップ強化演習
序文
この環境は、
特定の構築のためにMySQL-5.7.14を構築するためのCentos7.8システムに基づいています。MySQL-5.7.14環境構築を参照してください。
材料の準備
# 1.创建student和score表
# 创建school数据库
create database school
CREATE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50)
);
# 创建score表。SQL代码如下：
CREATE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
);
# 2.为student表和score表增加记录
# 向student表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
# 向score表插入记录的INSERT语句如下：
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
バックアップデータ
student库：
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| school |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
score表：
mysql> desc score;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| stu_id | int(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| c_name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| grade | int(10) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
student表：
mysql> desc student;
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | varchar(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | year(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| department | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.为student表和score表增加记录
score表：
mysql> select * from score;
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
| id | stu_id | c_name | grade |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
| 1 | 901 | 计算机 | 98 |
| 2 | 901 | 英语 | 80 |
| 3 | 902 | 计算机 | 65 |
| 4 | 902 | 中文 | 88 |
| 5 | 903 | 中文 | 95 |
| 6 | 904 | 计算机 | 70 |
| 7 | 904 | 英语 | 92 |
| 8 | 905 | 英语 | 94 |
| 9 | 906 | 计算机 | 90 |
| 10 | 906 | 英语 | 85 |
+----+--------+-----------+-------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
student表：
mysql> select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| id | name | sex | birth | department | address |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
| 901 | 张老大 | 男 | 1985 | 计算机系 | 北京市海淀区 |
| 902 | 张老二 | 男 | 1986 | 中文系 | 北京市昌平区 |
| 903 | 张三 | 女 | 1990 | 中文系 | 湖南省永州市 |
| 904 | 李四 | 男 | 1990 | 英语系 | 辽宁省阜新市 |
| 905 | 王五 | 女 | 1991 | 英语系 | 福建省厦门市 |
| 906 | 王六 | 男 | 1988 | 计算机系 | 湖南省衡阳市 |
+-----+-----------+------+-------+--------------+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--- 开始备份
3.备份数据库school到/backup目录
[root@mysql-yum ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school > /backup/school_db.sql
[root@mysql-yum ~]# ll /backup/school_db.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3447 Jan 31 19:48 /backup/school_db.sql
4.备份MySQL数据库为带删除表的格式，能够让该备份覆盖已有数据库而不需要手动删除原有数据库
[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B mysql > /backup/mysql.sql
[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/mysql.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 772565 Jan 31 19:57 /backup/mysql.sql
5.直接将MySQL数据库压缩备份
[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B mysql | gzip > /backup/mysql.sql.gz
[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/mysql.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 207823 Jan 31 19:59 /backup/mysql.sql.gz
6.备份MySQL数据库某个(些)表。此例备份student表
mysql.user:
[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 mysql user > /backup/mysql_user.sql
[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll //backup/mysql_user.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5906 Jan 31 20:02 //backup/mysql_user.sql
school.student:
[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 school student > /backup/school_student.sql
[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/school_student.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2384 Jan 31 20:04 /backup/school_student.sql
7.同时备份多个MySQL数据库（其他数据库素材自行准备）
[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B db1 db2 school > /backup/db1_db2_school.sql
[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/db1_db2_school.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9506 Jan 31 20:06 /backup/db1_db2_school.sql
8.仅仅备份数据库结构
[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -B school -d > /backup/school_db_nodata.sql
[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/school_db_nodata.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2452 Jan 31 20:08 /backup/school_db_nodata.sql
9.备份服务器上所有数据库
[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -A > /backup/all_db_data.sql
mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql-yum backup]# ll /backup/all_db_data.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 788026 Jan 31 20:09 /backup/all_db_data.sql
10.还原MySQL数据库
[root@mysql-yum backup]# mysql -uroot -p123456 < /backup/mysql.sql
11.还原压缩的MySQL数据库
[root@mysql-yum backup]# zcat /backup/mysql.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -p123456
12.使用xtrabackup 备份数据库
[root@mysql-yum ~]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --no-timestamp /backup/mysql/all_db_`date +%F`
13.在另外的数据库服务器上还原xtrabackup 备份
[root@mysql-yum ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@mysql-yum ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@mysql-yum mysql]# rm -rf *
[root@mysql-yum mysql]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --apply-log /backup/mysql/all_db_2021-01-31/
[root@mysql-yum mysql]# innobackupex -u root -p 123456 --copy-back /backup/mysql/all_db_2021-01-31/
[root@mysql-yum mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@mysql-yum mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
14.使用mydumper备份数据库
[root@mysql-yum ~]# mydumper -u root -p 123456 -B school -o /back/mysql/
[root@mysql-yum ~]# ll /back/mysql
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 136 Jan 31 22:58 metadata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 65 Jan 31 22:58 school-schema-create.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 331 Jan 31 22:58 school.score-schema.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 352 Jan 31 22:58 school.score.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 377 Jan 31 22:58 school.student-schema.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 503 Jan 31 22:58 school.student.sql
15.使用mydumper恢复数据库
[root@mysql-yum ~]# myloader -u root -p 123456 -B school -o -d /back/mysql