Flask---flask-script、flask-sqlalchemy、flask_migrate、多app应用

flask-script使用

1、入口文件manage.py
manage.py

from s8day130_pro import create_app
from flask_script import Manager
from flask_script import Command
from flask_script import Manager, Server

app = create_app()
manager = Manager(app)


# 自定义命令二：
@manager.command
def custom(arg):
    """
    自定义命令
    python manage.py custom 123
    """
    print(arg)


# 自定义命令三:
@manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name')
@manager.option('-u', '--url', dest='url')
def cmd(name, url):
    """
    python manage.py cmd -n safly -u 'baidu.com'
    python manage.py cmd -name safly -url 'baidu.com'
    """
    print(name, url)


# 自定义命令一：
class Hello(Command):
    """
       自定义命令
       python manage.py hello
       """

    def run(self):
        print('hello world')


manager.add_command('hello', Hello())

# 启动项目python manage.py runserver

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # app.run()
    manager.run()

flask_sqlalchemy使用

2、__init__.py文件

作用：将SQLAlchemy相关的所有功能都封装到db=flask_sqlalchemy.SQLAlchemy()对象中

from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

# 包含了SQLAlchemy相关的所有操作
db = SQLAlchemy()


def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__)
    app.config.from_object('settings.DevelopmentConfig')

    from .views.account import ac
    app.register_blueprint(ac)

    db.init_app(app)
    return app

3、settings.py配置文件

class BaseConfig(object):
    # SESSION_TYPE = 'redis'  # session类型为redis
    # SESSION_KEY_PREFIX = 'session:'  # 保存到session中的值的前缀
    # SESSION_PERMANENT = True  # 如果设置为False，则关闭浏览器session就失效。
    # SESSION_USE_SIGNER = False  # 是否对发送到浏览器上 session:cookie值进行加密

    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = "mysql+pymysql://root:[email protected]:3306/test?charset=utf8"
    SQLALCHEMY_POOL_SIZE = 5
    SQLALCHEMY_POOL_TIMEOUT = 30
    SQLALCHEMY_POOL_RECYCLE = -1

    # 追踪对象的修改并且发送信号
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False


class ProductionConfig(BaseConfig):
    pass


class DevelopmentConfig(BaseConfig):
    pass

class TestingConfig(BaseConfig):
    pass

4、Blueprint文件

from flask import blueprints
from s8day130_pro import models
from s8day130_pro import db
ac = blueprints.Blueprint('ac',__name__)

@ac.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    data = db.session.query(models.Users).all()
    print(data)
    db.session.remove()
    return 'Login'

5、编写离线脚本文件

drop_table.py

"""
Web运行时，flask程序运行起来，用户通过浏览器访问
离线脚本，自定义的一个py文件+使用flask中定义好的功能
"""

from s8day130_pro import db
from s8day130_pro import create_app
from s8day130_pro import models

app = create_app()
#从栈拿app
with app.app_context():
    # db.drop_all()
    db.create_all()
    data = db.session.query(models.Users).all()
    print(data)

6、models.py类

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, UniqueConstraint, Index,DateTime,ForeignKey
from s8day130_pro import db

class Users(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    name = Column(String(32),nullable=False,unique=True)

直接运行离线脚本drop_table.py生成users表
然后通过python manage.py runserver启动项目即可

flask_migrate使用

作用：做数据库迁移
依赖：
flask-script
flask-sqlalchemy

from flask_migrate import Migrate,MigrateCommand
from s8day130_pro import create_app,db

Migrate(app,db)
manager.add_command('db', MigrateCommand)

数据库迁移命名

    python manage.py db init
    python manage.py db migrate # makemigrations
    python manage.py db upgrade # migrate

多app应用

from flask import Flask
from werkzeug.wsgi import DispatcherMiddleware
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple

app01 = Flask('app01')
app02 = Flask('app02')


@app01.route('/login')
def login():
    return 'app01.login'


@app02.route('/index')
def index():
    return 'app02.index'


dm = DispatcherMiddleware(app01, {
    '/app02': app02,
})

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run_simple('localhost', 5000, dm)

http://localhost:5000/app02/index
http://localhost:5000/login