linux上使用fdisk命令 ,磁盘上添加删除分区

  1. 硬盘分区的划分标准 :主分区、扩展分区和逻辑分区
  2. 在一块硬盘上,如果是MBR分区方式,那么它的主分区最多只能有4个,或者3个主分区和1个扩展分区;在扩展分区上我们可以创建多个逻辑分区
    分区编号:主分区1-4 ,逻辑分区5………
名称 概念 最大数量 最小数量
主分区 主要是用来启动操作系统的,它主要放的是操作系统的启动或引导程序 MBR分区中,最多有4个主分区 4 1
逻辑分区 逻辑分区必须建立在扩展分区之上,而不是建立在主分区上,可建立多个 n 0
扩展分区 不能使用,它只是做为逻辑分区的容器存在的;我们真正存放数据的是主分区和逻辑分区,大量数据都放在逻辑分区中 1 0

fdisk命令:

增加一个分区

  1. fdisk -l 查看系统上的分区信息
[root@fei ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes   //总计21.5G
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders   // 255个磁面,63个扇区,2610个磁柱
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes   //每个磁柱容量
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005936c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1332    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1332        1593     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
  1. fdisk /dev/sda 对/dev/sda/进行分区
    磁盘分区表示:
    hda1 hda2 hdb1 hdb2……
    sda1 sda2 sdb1 sdb2……
    hd大多为IDE硬盘 , sd大多为SCSI或移动存储
[root@fei ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help):

注释 ://Command (m for help):

查看帮助信息:输入m,看到如下信息

Command action 输出帮助信息
a toggle a bootable flag 设置启动信息
b edit bsd disklabel 编 辑分区标签
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition 注:这是删除一个分区的动作
l list known partition types 注:l是列出分区类型,以供我们设置相应分区的类型
m print this menu 注: m 是列出帮助信息;
n add a new partition 注:添加一个分区;
o create a new empty DOS partition table 创建一个新的DOS分区表
p print the partition table 注:p列出分区表;
q quit without saving changes 注:不保存退出
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition’s system id 注:t 改变分区类型 id
u change display/entry units 改变现实单位
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit 注:把分区表写入硬盘并退出
x extra functionality (experts only) 注:扩展应用,专家功能

  • 选择n 来添加一个分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended                             //e,扩展分区
   p   primary partition (1-4)        //p,主分区1-4
p
Selected partition 4                //因为sda1-3已分,所有默认sda4
First cylinder (1593-2610, default 1593):    //磁柱开始位置,采用默认,直接回车
Using default value 1593                              //磁柱开始位置
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-2610, default 2610): +100M  //磁柱解释位置,设置磁盘分区大小
Command (m for help): p             //查看一下当前磁盘信息

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005936c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1332    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1332        1593     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4            1593        1606      111459   83  Linux               //添加成功,sda4

Command (m for help): wq                                                //保存退出
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
  1. partprobe 或者 partx -a /dev/sda 分区之后,让内核更新分区信息,否则系统需要restart后,内核才能识别新的分区
  2. mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4 创建文件系统,格式化
[root@fei ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3776 inodes, 15068 blocks
753 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=15466496
2 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1888 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        8193

正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (1024 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
  1. 将/dev/sda4 挂载
[root@fei ~]# mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
[root@fei ~]# df-h
-bash: df-h: command not found
[root@fei ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2       9.8G  1.4G  8.0G  15% /
tmpfs           931M     0  931M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       190M   35M  145M  20% /boot
/dev/sr0        3.7G  3.7G     0 100% /media
/dev/sda4        14M  130K   13M   2% /mnt     //已将/dev/sda4挂载

删除一个分区

[root@fei ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): d                 //删除一个分区
Partition number (1-4): 4                 //选择删除一个分区,如果删除了扩展分区,扩展分区之下的逻辑分区都会删除

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005936c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26        1332    10485760   83  Linux
/dev/sda3            1332        1593     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
//sda4已经被删除
Command (m for help): wq    //若之前有错误操作,只有不输入w只输入q退出即可
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转载自blog.csdn.net/wdwangye/article/details/105159361