本文翻译自：How can I initialise a static Map?
How would you initialise a static Map in Java? 您如何在Java中初始化静态Map ？
Method one: static initialiser 方法一：静态初始化
Method two: instance initialiser (anonymous subclass) or some other method? 方法二：实例初始化（匿名子类）或其他一些方法？
What are the pros and cons of each? 各自的优点和缺点是什么？
Here is an example illustrating the two methods: 这是一个说明两种方法的示例：
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class Test {
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
static {
myMap.put(1, "one");
myMap.put(2, "two");
}
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap2 = new HashMap<Integer, String>(){
{
put(1, "one");
put(2, "two");
}
};
}
#1楼
参考：https://stackoom.com/question/2838/如何初始化静态地图
#2楼
Java 5 provides this more compact syntax: Java 5提供了这种更紧凑的语法：
static final Map<String , String> FLAVORS = new HashMap<String , String>() {{
put("Up", "Down");
put("Charm", "Strange");
put("Top", "Bottom");
}};
#3楼
I do not like Static initializer syntax and I'm not convinced to anonymous subclasses. 我不喜欢静态初始化器语法，我不相信匿名子类。 Generally, I agree with all cons of using Static initializers and all cons of using anonymous subclasses that were mentioned in previus answers. 一般来说，我同意使用静态初始化程序的所有缺点以及使用在previus答案中提到的匿名子类的所有缺点。 On the other hand - pros presented in these posts are not enough for me. 另一方面 - 这些帖子中出现的专业人士对我来说还不够。 I prefer to use static initialization method: 我更喜欢使用静态初始化方法：
public class MyClass {
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap = prepareMap();
private static Map<Integer, String> prepareMap() {
Map<Integer, String> hashMap = new HashMap<>();
hashMap.put(1, "one");
hashMap.put(2, "two");
return hashMap;
}
}
#4楼
With Eclipse Collections , all of the following will work: 使用Eclipse Collections ，以下所有方法都可以：
import java.util.Map;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.ImmutableMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.MutableMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.Maps;
public class StaticMapsTest
{
private static final Map<Integer, String> MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> MUTABLE_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> UNMODIFIABLE_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").asUnmodifiable();
private static final MutableMap<Integer, String> SYNCHRONIZED_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").asSynchronized();
private static final ImmutableMap<Integer, String> IMMUTABLE_MAP =
Maps.mutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two").toImmutable();
private static final ImmutableMap<Integer, String> IMMUTABLE_MAP2 =
Maps.immutable.with(1, "one", 2, "two");
}
You can also statically initialize primitive maps with Eclipse Collections. 您还可以使用Eclipse Collections静态初始化原始映射。
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.ImmutableIntObjectMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.api.map.primitive.MutableIntObjectMap;
import org.eclipse.collections.impl.factory.primitive.IntObjectMaps;
public class StaticPrimitiveMapsTest
{
private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> MUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two");
private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> UNMODIFIABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two")
.asUnmodifiable();
private static final MutableIntObjectMap<String> SYNCHRONIZED_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two")
.asSynchronized();
private static final ImmutableIntObjectMap<String> IMMUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP =
IntObjectMaps.mutable.<String>empty()
.withKeyValue(1, "one")
.withKeyValue(2, "two")
.toImmutable();
private static final ImmutableIntObjectMap<String> IMMUTABLE_INT_OBJ_MAP2 =
IntObjectMaps.immutable.<String>empty()
.newWithKeyValue(1, "one")
.newWithKeyValue(2, "two");
}
Note: I am a committer for Eclipse Collections 注意：我是Eclipse Collections的提交者
#5楼
If you want something terse and relatively safe, you can just shift compile-time type checking to run-time: 如果你想要简洁且相对安全的东西，你可以将编译时类型检查转移到运行时：
static final Map<String, Integer> map = MapUtils.unmodifiableMap(
String.class, Integer.class,
"cat", 4,
"dog", 2,
"frog", 17
);
This implementation should catch any errors: 此实现应捕获任何错误：
import java.util.HashMap;
public abstract class MapUtils
{
private MapUtils() { }
public static <K, V> HashMap<K, V> unmodifiableMap(
Class<? extends K> keyClazz,
Class<? extends V> valClazz,
Object...keyValues)
{
return Collections.<K, V>unmodifiableMap(makeMap(
keyClazz,
valClazz,
keyValues));
}
public static <K, V> HashMap<K, V> makeMap(
Class<? extends K> keyClazz,
Class<? extends V> valClazz,
Object...keyValues)
{
if (keyValues.length % 2 != 0)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"'keyValues' was formatted incorrectly! "
+ "(Expected an even length, but found '" + keyValues.length + "')");
}
HashMap<K, V> result = new HashMap<K, V>(keyValues.length / 2);
for (int i = 0; i < keyValues.length;)
{
K key = cast(keyClazz, keyValues[i], i);
++i;
V val = cast(valClazz, keyValues[i], i);
++i;
result.put(key, val);
}
return result;
}
private static <T> T cast(Class<? extends T> clazz, Object object, int i)
{
try
{
return clazz.cast(object);
}
catch (ClassCastException e)
{
String objectName = (i % 2 == 0) ? "Key" : "Value";
String format = "%s at index %d ('%s') wasn't assignable to type '%s'";
throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(format, objectName, i, object.toString(), clazz.getSimpleName()), e);
}
}
}
#6楼
I like anonymous class, because it is easy to deal with it: 我喜欢匿名类，因为它很容易处理它：
public static final Map<?, ?> numbers = Collections.unmodifiableMap(new HashMap<Integer, String>() {
{
put(1, "some value");
//rest of code here
}
});
