【笔记】计算机存储单位、进制转换

进制转换

字节= byte;
1byte = 8 bit
字节通常简写为“B”,而位通常简写为小写“b”;
1KB(Kilobyte,千字节)=1024B= 2^10 B;
1MB(Megabyte,兆字节,百万字节,简称“兆”)=1024KB= 2^20 B;
1GB(Gigabyte,吉字节,十亿字节,又称“千兆”)=1024MB= 2^30 B;
1TB(Terabyte,万亿字节,太字节)=1024GB= 2^40 B;
1PB(Petabyte,千万亿字节,拍字节)=1024TB= 2^50 B;
1EB(Exabyte,百亿亿字节,艾字节)=1024PB= 2^60 B;
1ZB(Zettabyte,十万亿亿字节,泽字节)= 1024EB= 2^70 B;
1YB(Yottabyte,一亿亿亿字节,尧字节)= 1024ZB= 2^80 B;
1BB(Brontobyte,一千亿亿亿字节)= 1024YB= 2^90 B;
1NB(NonaByte,一百万亿亿亿字节) = 1024BB = 2^100 B;
1DB(DoggaByte,十亿亿亿亿字节) = 1024 NB = 2^110 B;
数据存储是以10进制表示,数据传输是以2进制表示的,所以1KB不等于1000B。
每8个位(bit,简写为b)组成一个字节(Byte,简写为B),1B(byte,字节)= 8 bit;

常用基本数据类型占用空间(64位机器为例)

char : 1个字节
int :4个字节
float:4个字节
double:8个字节
对于下列代码:

cout << sizeof(int) << endl;
cout << sizeof(char) << endl;
cout << sizeof(float) << endl;
cout << sizeof(double) << endl;
cout << sizeof(100) << endl;
cout << sizeof(1.0) << endl;
cout << sizeof('a') << endl;
cout << sizeof("a") << endl;
cout << sizeof("abc!") << endl;

有:

命令 结果
sizeof(int) 4
sizeof(char) 1
sizeof(float) 4
sizeof(double) 8
sizeof(100) 4
sizeof(1.0) 8
sizeof(‘a’) 1
sizeof(‘abc’) 4
sizeof(“a”) 2
sizeof(“abc!”) 5

基本类型:
整数

进制 例子
10进制 100
以0b开头为2进制 10110011
以0开头为8进制 01234567
以0x开头为16进制 0xABCDEF

小数
单精度常量:2.3f 。
双精度常量:2.3,默认为双精度。
字符型常量
用英文单引号括起来,只保存一个字符’a’、‘b’ 、’*’ ,还有转义字符 ‘\n’ 、’\t’。
字符串常量
用英文的双引号引起来 可以保存多个字符:“abc”。

厂家磁盘容量标称值 X,实际磁盘容量 Y,有Y=0.931*X,是因为(1000 / 1024)^3约为0.931。

以下转自菜鸟教程:[原文链接]

#include<iostream>  
#include <limits>
using namespace std;  
int main()  
{  
    cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  
    cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(bool);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "char: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(char);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(signed char);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned char);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(wchar_t);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(short);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(int);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(unsigned long);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "double: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(double);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(long double);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(float);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(size_t);  
    cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "string: \t" << "所占字节数:" << sizeof(string) << endl;  
    // << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  
    return 0;  
}

运行结果:
结果截图

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_43750882/article/details/105384143