【MOOC嵩天Python语言程序设计】第六周 组合数据类型 6.1~6.6

6.1 集合类型及操作

>>> A = {"python", 123, ("python",123)}
>>> A
{'python', 123, ('python', 123)}
>>> B = set("pypy123")
>>> B
{'3', '1', 'p', 'y', '2'}
>>> C = {"python",123,123,"python"}
>>> C
{'python', 123}

6.3实例9：基本统计值计算

# CalStatisticsV1.py
def getNum():  # 获取用户不定长度的输入
    nums = []
    iNumStr = input("请输入数字(回车退出): ")
    while iNumStr != "":
        nums.append(eval(iNumStr))
        iNumStr = input("请输入数字(回车退出): ")
    return nums


def mean(numbers):  # 计算平均值
    s = 0.0
    for num in numbers:
        s = s + num
    return s / len(numbers)


def dev(numbers, mean):  # 计算方差
    sdev = 0.0
    for num in numbers:
        sdev = sdev + (num - mean) ** 2
    return pow(sdev / (len(numbers) - 1), 0.5)


def median(numbers):  # 计算中位数
    sorted(numbers)
    size = len(numbers)
    if size % 2 == 0:
        med = (numbers[size // 2 - 1] + numbers[size // 2]) / 2
    else:
        med = numbers[size // 2]
    return med


n = getNum()  # 主体函数
m = mean(n)
print("平均值:{},方差:{:.2},中位数:{}.".format(m, dev(n, m), median(n)))

6.5模块5：jieba库的使用

import jieba
s = "中国是一个伟大的国家"
print(jieba.lcut(s))
print(jieba.lcut(s, cut_all=True))
print(jieba.lcut_for_search(s))
print(jieba.add_word(w))

['中国', '是', '一个', '伟大', '的', '国家']
['中国', '国是', '一个', '伟大', '的', '国家']
['中国', '是', '一个', '伟大', '的', '国家']
None

6.6实例10：文本词频统计

Hamlet词频统计（含Hamlet原文文本）
https://python123.io/resources/pye/hamlet.txt

# CalHamletV1.py
def getText():
    txt = open("hamlet.txt", "r").read()
    txt = txt.lower()
    for ch in '!"#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_‘{|}~':
        txt = txt.replace(ch, " ")  # 将文本中特殊字符替换为空格
    return txt


hamletTxt = getText()
words = hamletTxt.split()
counts = {}
for word in words:
    counts[word] = counts.get(word, 0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
for i in range(10):
    word, count = items[i]
    print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

the        1138
and         965
to          754
of          669
you         550
i           542
a           542
my          514
hamlet      462
in          436

《三国演义》人物出场统计（上）（含《三国演义》原文文本）
https://python123.io/resources/pye/threekingdoms.txt

# CalThreeKingdomsV1.py
import jieba

txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    else:
        counts[word] = counts.get(word, 0) + 1
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
for i in range(15):
    word, count = items[i]
    print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

曹操          953
孔明          836
将军          772
却说          656
玄德          585
关公          510
丞相          491
二人          469
不可          440
荆州          425
玄德曰         390
孔明曰         390
不能          384
如此          378
张飞          358

《三国演义》人物出场统计（下）（含《三国演义》原文文本）

# CalThreeKingdomsV2.py
import jieba

excludes = {"将军", "却说", "荆州", "二人", "不可", "不能", "如此"}
txt = open("threekingdoms.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8').read()
words = jieba.lcut(txt)
counts = {}
for word in words:
    if len(word) == 1:
        continue
    elif word == "诸葛亮" or word == "孔明曰":
        rword = "孔明"
    elif word == "关公" or word == "云长":
        rword = "关羽"
    elif word == "玄德" or word == "玄德曰":
        rword = "刘备"
    elif word == "孟德" or word == "丞相":
        rword = "曹操"
    else:
        rword = word
    counts[rword] = counts.get(rword, 0) + 1
for word in excludes:
    del counts[word]
items = list(counts.items())
items.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
for i in range(10):
    word, count = items[i]
    print("{0:<10}{1:>5}".format(word, count))

曹操         1451
孔明         1383
刘备         1252
关羽          784
张飞          358
商议          344
如何          338
主公          331
军士          317
吕布          300