Tomcat重要目录
- bin:存放启动和关闭Tomcat脚本
- conf :存放Tomcat不同的配置文件
- doc:存放Tomcat文档
- lib:存放Tomcat运行需要的库文件
- logs:存放Tomcat执行时的LOG文件
- src:存放Tomcat的源代码
- webapps: Tomcat的主要Web发布目录
- work:存放jsp编译后产生的class文件
Nginx负载均衡原理
Nginx是一款非常优秀的HTTP服务器软件
- 支持高达50000个并发连接数的响应
- 拥有强大的静态资源处理能力
- 内存、CPU等系统资源消耗非常低
- ·运行稳定
Nginx实现负载均衡是通过反向代理实现
反向代理原理
Nginx配置反向代理的主要参数
- upstream服务池名{}
- 配置后端服务器池,以提供响应数据
- proxy_pass http://服务池名
- 配置将访问请求转发给后端服务器池的服务器处理
Nginx动静分离原理
服务端接收来自客户端的请求中,既有静态资源也有动态资源,静态资源由Nginx提供服务,动态资源Nginx转发至后端
Nginx静态处理优势
- Nginx处理静态页面的效率远高于Tomcat的处理能力
- 若Tomcat的请求量为1000次,则Nginx的请求量为6000次
- Tomcat每秒的吞吐量为0.6M,Nginx的每秒吞吐量为3.6M
- Nginx处理静态资源的能力是Tomcat处理的6倍
实验环境
一台Nginx IP192.168.110.10
二台Tomcat IP192.168.110.15/20
Nginx安装配置负载均衡
安装Nginx服务
[root@nginx opt]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel zlib-devel
[root@nginx opt]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@nginx opt]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@nginx opt]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx #编写启动脚本
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 99 20
# description: Nginx Service Control Script
PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
start)
$PROG
;;
stop)
kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF)
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
reload)
kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# netstat -natp | grep 80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22832/nginx: master
编辑配置文件实现负载均衡
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#gzip on; #找到这行,在下面添加
upstream tom { #设置节点服务器,名字随意
server 192.168.110.15:8080 weight=1; ##指向cat1 IP,weight指的是权重
server 192.168.110.20:8080 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~.*.jsp$ { #往下加,匹配到以 jsp 结尾的网页再两台节点服务器中轮询
proxy_pass http://tom;
}
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# setenforce 0
Tomcat安装配置轮询
两台通样操作
[root@cat1 opt]# tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@cat1 opt]# mv jdk1.8.0_91/ /usr/local/
[root@cat1 opt]# vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
[root@cat1 opt]# source /etc/profile
[root@cat1 opt]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_91"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_91-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.91-b14, mixed mode)
[root@cat1 opt]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
[root@cat1 opt]# mv apache-tomcat-8.5.16 /usr/local/tomcat
[root@cat1 opt]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/
[root@cat1 tomcat]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/local/bin
[root@cat1 tomcat]# ln -s /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh /usr/local/bin
[root@cat1 opt]# mkdir -p /web/tom1
[root@cat1 opt]# vim /web/tom1/index.jsp #tom1改成 /web/tom2
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>tom1</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("tom1.");%> #另一台配置 tom2
</body>
</html>
[root@cat1 opt]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
148 <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
149 unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"> #添加
150 <Context docBase="/web/cat01" path="" reloadable="false">
151 </Context>
[root@cat1 opt]# startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91/jre
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@cat1 opt]# netstat -ntap |grep 8080
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 74552/java
动静分离配置
静态页面nginx,动态页面路径指tomcat,
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location ~.*.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://192.168.110.15:8080; #指向Tomcat服务器地址
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@nginx html]# vim index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>静态页面</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"> #设置支持中文字符集
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>静态页面</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>静态页面</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@nginx html]# service nginx stop
[root@nginx html]# service nginx start
Tomcat服务器添加动态网页
[root@cat01 bao]# vim /web/tom1/index.jsp
<!DOCTYPE html>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.Date" %>
<%@ page import="java.text.SimpleDateFormat" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="nginx/html; charset=UTF-8"> ##位置和图的位置一样,nginx/html
<title>动态页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>这是一个动态页面.</div><br>
</body>
</html>
nginx处理静态图片,Tomcat处理动态页面配置
Tomcat配置
<body>
<div>这是一个动态页面.</div><br>
<img src='c.png'> #添加图片名称
</body>
ngin配置
[root@nginx html]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location ~.*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|css)$ { #添加此段内容,匹配这些类型的文件
root html; #html站点目录
expires 30d; #缓存时间30天
}
[root@nginx htmll]# ls #添加图片
50x.html c.png index.html