vuejs同一个路由下面、切换标签。实现缓存前进后退功能

已解决：
经大神的提点。没有使用keepalive。原因是要改动的地方比较多。主要是我也不太懂。
然后我用了2种方法可以解决问题：
第一种：改变路由（推荐）

第二种：缓存的方法（听说缓存可能会出现某些问题。虽然我暂时没有发现）

第一种方法的代码：改变路由

<!--//话题详情页-->
<template>
  <el-container direction="vertical">
    <sys-header/>
    <el-main class="main-box">
      <!--上面部分：-->
      <div class="topic-list-box">
        <!--          主话题信息-->
        <div class="topic-list-header">
          <div class="topic-list-header-left">
            <el-avatar :src="topicForm.topicLogo" :size="90" alt="话题logo"></el-avatar>
            <div class="follow-and-question-sum">
              <div class="topic-name">{
   
   { topicForm.topicName }}</div>
              <div class="info-sum">{
   
   { topicForm.followSum }}关注 / {
   
   { topicForm.questionSum }}问题</div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="topic-list-header-right">
            <!-- 已关注已关注 0-未关注 1-已关注-->
            <el-button
              @click="topicForm.isFlow === 1 ? unAttentionTopic(topicForm.topicId) : attentionTopic(topicForm.topicId)"
              :class="topicForm.isFlow === 1 ? 'active' : ''"
            >
              <span>{
   
   { topicForm.isFlow === 1 ? '已关注' : '关注话题' }}</span>
            </el-button>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="clearfix"></div>
        <!--          子话题展示-->
        <div class="child-topic" v-if="topicForm.stopicMap && topicForm.stopicMap.length">
          <ul>
            <li
              v-for="(item,index) in topicForm.stopicMap"
              :key="index"
              @click="getSecondTopic(index)"
            >
              <a>
                <span>{
   
   { item }}</span>
              </a>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="clearfix"></div>
      </div>
      <!--        下面部分-->
      <!--    话题详情页下半部分-->
      <div class="topic-list-bottom-box">
        <el-tabs v-model="activeName" @tab-click="handleClick" class="topic-list-bottom">
          <el-tab-pane label="热门" name="hotTopic">
            <hot-topic-list :topicList="hotQuestionList"/>
          </el-tab-pane>
          <el-tab-pane label="问题" name="question">
            <question :topicList="questionArticleList"/>
          </el-tab-pane>
          <el-tab-pane label="视频" name="topicVideo">
            <topic-video :topicList="topicVideoArticleList"/>
          </el-tab-pane>
          <el-tab-pane label="资讯" name="information">
            <information :topicList="informationArticleList"/>
          </el-tab-pane>
        </el-tabs>
      </div>
    </el-main>
  </el-container>
</template>

<script>
import sysHeader from "@/components/header";
import apiRequest from "../../utils/request";
import HotTopicList from "./components/HotTopicList";
import Question from "./components/Question";
import TopicVideo from "./components/TopicVideo";
import Information from "./components/Information";
import {attentionTopic, unAttentionTopic} from "../../api/topic";

export default {
  name: "TopicDetail",
  components: {
    Information,
    TopicVideo,
    Question,
    HotTopicList,
    sysHeader,
  },
  data() {
    return {
      activeName: 'hotTopic',
      selectedIndex: 0,
      topicForm: {},
      hotQuestionList: [],
      questionArticleList: [],
      topicVideoArticleList: [],
      informationArticleList: [],
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    this.getHotTopicList(this.$route.query.topicId);
    this.getInformationArticleList(this.$route.query.topicId, 1, 10);
    this.getTopicQuestion(this.$route.query.topicId, 1, 10);
    this.getTopicVideo(this.$route.query.topicId, 1, 10);
    this.getSecondTopic(this.$route.query.topicId);
  },
  created() {
    this.activeName = this.$route.query.name
    console.log(this.activeName)
  },
  methods: {
    handleClick(tab, event) {
      this.$router.replace({
        query: {
          topicId: this.$route.query.topicId,
          name: tab.paneName || 'hotTopic'
        }
      });
    },
    // 关注话题0-未关注 1-已关注
    async attentionTopic(topicId) {
      await attentionTopic(topicId);
      this.getSecondTopic(topicId);
    },

    // 取消关注话题
    async unAttentionTopic(topicId) {
      await unAttentionTopic(topicId);
      this.getSecondTopic(topicId);
    },

    // 获取话题详情
    getSecondTopic(topicId) {
      apiRequest("get", "qas/api/topic/secondTopic/" + topicId, {
        // topicId: topicId,
        // userId: localStorage.getItem("userid"),
      }).then((res) => {
        this.topicForm = res.data;
      });
    },

    // 获取热门
    getHotTopicList(topicId) {
      apiRequest("get", "/qas/api/topic/hotTopicList/" + topicId)
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res.data);
          console.log(res.data.pageRecords);
          this.hotQuestionList = res.data.pageRecords;
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          if (err) {
            console.log(err.message);
          }
        });
    },
    // 获取资讯
    getInformationArticleList(topicId, pageNumber, pageSize) {
      apiRequest("get", "/qas/api/topic/topicArticle/" + topicId, {
        pageNumber: pageNumber,
        pageSize: pageSize,
      })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res.data);
          console.log(res.data.pageRecords);
          this.informationArticleList = res.data.pageRecords;
          // console.log("资讯名称：" + this.informationArticleList[0].articleName)
          // console.log("资讯id：" + this.informationArticleList[0].articleId)
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          if (err) {
            console.log(err.message);
          }
        });
    },
    // 获取视频列表
    getTopicVideo(topicId, pageNumber, pageSize) {
      apiRequest("get", "/qas/api/topic/topicVideo/" + topicId, {
        pageNumber: pageNumber,
        pageSize: pageSize,
      })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res.data);
          console.log(res.data.pageRecords);
          this.topicVideoArticleList = res.data.pageRecords;
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          if (err) {
            console.log(err.message);
          }
        });
    },
    // 获取问题列表
    getTopicQuestion(topicId, pageNumber, pageSize) {
      apiRequest("get", "/qas/api/topic/topicQuestion/" + topicId, {
        pageNumber: pageNumber,
        pageSize: pageSize,
      })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res.data);
          console.log(res.data.pageRecords);
          this.questionArticleList = res.data.pageRecords;
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          if (err) {
            console.log(err.message);
          }
        });
    },
  },
  watch: {
    $route(to, from) {
      // 监听路由的变化，做你想做的一些事情...
      // console.log('监听路由,路由变了');
    },
  },
};
</script>

<!--第一个style是为了改写el样式-->
<style lang="scss">
.topic-list-bottom-box {
  .el-tabs__item {
    position: relative;
    height: auto;
    line-height: normal;
    margin-right: 50px;
    padding: 0;
    font-size: $default-font;
  }

  .el-tabs__item.is-active {
    color: $theme-color;
    font-size: $max-font;
    font-weight: bold;
  }

  .el-tabs__active-bar {
    display: none;
  }

  .el-tabs__nav {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }

  .el-tabs__nav-wrap::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 1px;
    background-color: #f2f4f7;
    z-index: 1;
  }
}
</style>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
.main-box {
  @include maxwidth;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 18px 30px;

  background-color: #FFFFFF;

  .topic-list-box {
    @include box;
    //padding: 18px 30px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;

    .topic-list-header {
      @include flex-center-sb;

      .topic-list-header-left {
        @include flex-start-center;

        .follow-and-question-sum {
          padding-left: 20px;

          .topic-name {
            font-weight: bold;
            font-size: $max-font;
            padding-bottom: 15px;
          }

          .info-sum {
            color: $third-color;
            font-size: $small-font;
          }
        }
      }

      .topic-list-header-right {
        .el-button {
          @include activeBtn;
          font-size: $small-font;
          padding: 8px 15px;

          &.active {
            background: $third-color;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    .child-topic {
      padding-top: 30px;
      //margin-bottom: 66px;
      li {
        background: #f6f6f6;
        border-radius: 80px;
        float: left;
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        margin-right: 25px;

        a {
          height: 30px;
          padding: 5px 15px;
          display: block;
          text-align: center;
          line-height: 30px;
          font-size: 14px;
          color: #666666;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

.topic-list-bottom-box {
  @include box;
}
</style>

第二种方法的代码：缓存的方法

<!--//话题详情页-->
<template>
  <el-container direction="vertical">
    <sys-header />
    <el-main class="main-box">
      <!--上面部分：-->
      <div class="topic-list-box">
        <!--          主话题信息-->
        <div class="topic-list-header">
          <div class="topic-list-header-left">
            <el-avatar :src="topicForm.topicLogo" :size="90" alt="话题logo"></el-avatar>
            <div class="follow-and-question-sum">
              <div class="topic-name">{
   
   { topicForm.topicName }}</div>
              <div class="info-sum">{
   
   { topicForm.followSum }}关注 / {
   
   { topicForm.questionSum }}问题</div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div class="topic-list-header-right">
            <!-- 已关注已关注 0-未关注 1-已关注-->
            <el-button
              @click="topicForm.isFlow === 1 ? unAttentionTopic(topicForm.topicId) : attentionTopic(topicForm.topicId)"
              :class="topicForm.isFlow === 1 ? 'active' : ''"
            >
              <span>{
   
   {topicForm.isFlow===1?'已关注':'关注话题'}}</span>
            </el-button>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="clearfix"></div>
        <!--          子话题展示-->
        <div class="child-topic" v-if="topicForm.stopicMap && topicForm.stopicMap.length">
          <ul>
            <li
              v-for="(item,index) in topicForm.stopicMap"
              :key="index"
              @click="getSecondTopic(index)"
            >
              <a>
                <span>{
   
   { item }}</span>
              </a>
            </li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="clearfix"></div>
      </div>
      <!--        下面部分-->
      <!--    话题详情页下半部分-->
      <div class="topic-list-bottom-box">
        <el-tabs v-model="activeName" @tab-click="handleClick" class="topic-list-bottom">
          <el-tab-pane label="热门" name="hotTopic">
            <hot-topic-list :topicList="hotQuestionList" />
          </el-tab-pane>
          <el-tab-pane label="问题" name="question">
            <question :topicList="questionArticleList" />
          </el-tab-pane>
          <el-tab-pane label="视频" name="topicVideo">
            <topic-video :topicList="topicVideoArticleList" />
          </el-tab-pane>
          <el-tab-pane label="资讯" name="information">
            <information :topicList="informationArticleList" />
          </el-tab-pane>
        </el-tabs>
      </div>
    </el-main>
  </el-container>
</template>

<script>
import sysHeader from "@/components/header";
import apiRequest from "../../utils/request";
import HotTopicList from "./components/HotTopicList";
import Question from "./components/Question";
import TopicVideo from "./components/TopicVideo";
import Information from "./components/Information";
import { attentionTopic, unAttentionTopic } from "../../api/topic";

export default {
  name: "TopicDetail",
  components: {
    Information,
    TopicVideo,
    Question,
    HotTopicList,
    sysHeader,
  },
  data() {
    return {
      activeName: localStorage.getItem('activeName'),
      selectedIndex: 0,
      topicForm: {},
      hotQuestionList: [],
      questionArticleList: [],
      topicVideoArticleList: [],
      informationArticleList: [],
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    this.getHotTopicList(this.$route.query.topicId);
    this.getInformationArticleList(this.$route.query.topicId, 1, 10);
    this.getTopicQuestion(this.$route.query.topicId, 1, 10);
    this.getTopicVideo(this.$route.query.topicId, 1, 10);
    this.getSecondTopic(this.$route.query.topicId);
  },
  created() {
    localStorage.setItem('activeName','hotTopic')
  },
  methods: {
    handleClick(tab, event) {
      // console.log(tab, event);
      console.log(tab.paneName);
      if (tab.paneName==='question'){
        localStorage.setItem('activeName','question')
      }else if (tab.paneName==='topicVideo'){
        localStorage.setItem('activeName','topicVideo')
      }else if (tab.paneName==='information'){
        localStorage.setItem('activeName','information')
      }else{
        localStorage.setItem('activeName','hotTopic')
      }
      console.log(localStorage.getItem('activeName'))
    },
    // 关注话题0-未关注 1-已关注
    async attentionTopic(topicId) {
      await attentionTopic(topicId);
      this.getSecondTopic(topicId);
    },

    // 取消关注话题
    async unAttentionTopic(topicId) {
      await unAttentionTopic(topicId);
      this.getSecondTopic(topicId);
    },

    // 获取话题详情
    getSecondTopic(topicId) {
      apiRequest("get", "qas/api/topic/secondTopic/" + topicId, {
        // topicId: topicId,
        // userId: localStorage.getItem("userid"),
      }).then((res) => {
        this.topicForm = res.data;
      });
    },

    // 获取热门
    getHotTopicList(topicId) {
      apiRequest("get", "/qas/api/topic/hotTopicList/" + topicId)
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res.data);
          console.log(res.data.pageRecords);
          this.hotQuestionList = res.data.pageRecords;
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          if (err) {
            console.log(err.message);
          }
        });
    },
    // 获取资讯
    getInformationArticleList(topicId, pageNumber, pageSize) {
      apiRequest("get", "/qas/api/topic/topicArticle/" + topicId, {
        pageNumber: pageNumber,
        pageSize: pageSize,
      })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res.data);
          console.log(res.data.pageRecords);
          this.informationArticleList = res.data.pageRecords;
          console.log("资讯名称："+this.informationArticleList[0].articleName)
          console.log("资讯id："+this.informationArticleList[0].articleId)
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          if (err) {
            console.log(err.message);
          }
        });
    },
    // 获取视频列表
    getTopicVideo(topicId, pageNumber, pageSize) {
      apiRequest("get", "/qas/api/topic/topicVideo/" + topicId, {
        pageNumber: pageNumber,
        pageSize: pageSize,
      })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res.data);
          console.log(res.data.pageRecords);
          this.topicVideoArticleList = res.data.pageRecords;
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          if (err) {
            console.log(err.message);
          }
        });
    },
    // 获取问题列表
    getTopicQuestion(topicId, pageNumber, pageSize) {
      apiRequest("get", "/qas/api/topic/topicQuestion/" + topicId, {
        pageNumber: pageNumber,
        pageSize: pageSize,
      })
        .then((res) => {
          console.log(res.data);
          console.log(res.data.pageRecords);
          this.questionArticleList = res.data.pageRecords;
        })
        .catch((err) => {
          if (err) {
            console.log(err.message);
          }
        });
    },
  },
};
</script>

<!--第一个style是为了改写el样式-->
<style lang="scss">
.topic-list-bottom-box {
  .el-tabs__item {
    position: relative;
    height: auto;
    line-height: normal;
    margin-right: 50px;
    padding: 0;
    font-size: $default-font;
  }

  .el-tabs__item.is-active {
    color: $theme-color;
    font-size: $max-font;
    font-weight: bold;
  }

  .el-tabs__active-bar {
    display: none;
  }

  .el-tabs__nav {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
  }

  .el-tabs__nav-wrap::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 1px;
    background-color: #f2f4f7;
    z-index: 1;
  }
}
</style>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
.main-box {
  @include maxwidth;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 18px 30px;

  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  .topic-list-box {
    @include box;
    //padding: 18px 30px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;

    .topic-list-header {
      @include flex-center-sb;
      .topic-list-header-left {
        @include flex-start-center;
        .follow-and-question-sum {
          padding-left: 20px;
          .topic-name {
            font-weight: bold;
            font-size: $max-font;
            padding-bottom: 15px;
          }
          .info-sum {
            color: $third-color;
            font-size: $small-font;
          }
        }
      }

      .topic-list-header-right {
        .el-button {
          @include activeBtn;
          font-size: $small-font;
          padding: 8px 15px;
          &.active {
            background: $third-color;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    .child-topic {
      padding-top: 30px;
      //margin-bottom: 66px;
      li {
        background: #f6f6f6;
        border-radius: 80px;
        float: left;
        margin-bottom: 20px;
        margin-right: 25px;

        a {
          height: 30px;
          padding: 5px 15px;
          display: block;
          text-align: center;
          line-height: 30px;
          font-size: 14px;
          color: #666666;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

.topic-list-bottom-box {
  @include box;
}
</style>