mysql中如果主节点已经运行了一段时间，且有大量数据时，配置并启动slave节点

拓扑图如下：

备份主节点数据库：

[22:04:49 root@master ~] mysqldump -A -F --single-transaction --master-data=1 > /data/mariadb_backup_`date +%F_%T`.sql

[22:04:52 root@master ~] ll /data/
total 1496
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   478777 Oct 16 22:04 mariadb_backup_2020-10-16_22:04:52.sql

将备份拷贝到slave服务器：

[22:05:01 root@master ~] scp /data/mariadb_backup_2020-10-16_22\:04\:52.sql 10.0.0.18:/data/
The authenticity of host '10.0.0.18 (10.0.0.18)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:pWYlWWDNZAyPanC0foRMoATFOGGBma8XydeNm0U1+CI.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.18' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
mariadb_backup_2020-10-16_22:04:52.sql                                                                                     100%  468KB  45.1MB/s   00:00

优化主从节点服务器性能：

MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> SET GLOBAL sync_binlog= 0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sync_binlog';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| sync_binlog   | 0     |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)

将备份还原到从节点：

安装数据库：

[10:11:02 root@slave1 ~] dnf -y install mariadb-server

修改配置文件：

[10:11:02 root@slave1 ~] vi /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
[mysql]
server-id=18
log-bin
read-only

[10:11:02 root@slave1 ~] systemctl restart mariadb.service

配置从节点从备份之后开始复制：

[10:29:36 root@slave1 ~] vi /data/mariadb_backup_2020-10-16_22\:04\:52.sql
CHANGE MASTER TO
  MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.8',
  MASTER_USER='abc',
  MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
  MASTER_PORT=3306,
  MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000002',
  MASTER_LOG_POS=375;


[10:30:29 root@slave1 ~] mysql < /data/mariadb_backup_2020-10-16_22\:04\:52.sql

[10:30:29 root@slave1 ~] mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                   Master_Host: 10.0.0.8
                   Master_User: abc
                   Master_Port: 3306
                 Connect_Retry: 60
               Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000004
           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 389
                Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
                 Relay_Log_Pos: 557
         Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000002
              Slave_IO_Running: Yes 
             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 
               Replicate_Do_DB:
           Replicate_Ignore_DB:
            Replicate_Do_Table:
        Replicate_Ignore_Table:
       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                    Last_Errno: 0
                    Last_Error:
                  Skip_Counter: 0
           Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 389
               Relay_Log_Space: 868
               Until_Condition: None
                Until_Log_File:
                 Until_Log_Pos: 0
            Master_SSL_Allowed: No
            Master_SSL_CA_File:
            Master_SSL_CA_Path:
               Master_SSL_Cert:
             Master_SSL_Cipher:
                Master_SSL_Key:
         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                 Last_IO_Errno: 0
                 Last_IO_Error:
                Last_SQL_Errno: 0
                Last_SQL_Error:
   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
              Master_Server_Id: 8
                Master_SSL_Crl:
            Master_SSL_Crlpath:
                    Using_Gtid: No
                   Gtid_IO_Pos:
       Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids:
   Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids:
                 Parallel_Mode: conservative
                     SQL_Delay: 0
           SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
       Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
              Slave_DDL_Groups: 0
Slave_Non_Transactional_Groups: 0
    Slave_Transactional_Groups: 0
1 row in set (0.000 sec)