http://xstarcd.github.io/wiki/shell/expect.html

expect - 自动交互脚本

expect参数

启用选项

-c:执行脚本前先执行的命令，可多次使用。
-d:debug模式，可以在运行时输出一些诊断信息，与在脚本开始处使用exp_internal 1相似。
-D:启用交换调式器,可设一整数参数。
-f:从文件读取命令，仅用于使用#!时。如果文件名为"-"，则从stdin读取(使用"./-"从文件名为-的文件读取)。
-i:交互式输入命令，使用"exit"或"EOF"退出输入状态。
--:标示选项结束(如果你需要传递与expect选项相似的参数给脚本时)，可放到#!行:#!/usr/bin/expect --。
-v:显示expect版本信息。

常用命令

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# 命令行参数

# $argv，参数数组，使用[lindex $argv n]获取，$argv 0为脚本名字

# $argc，参数个数

set username [lindex $argv 1] # 获取第1个参数

set passwd [lindex $argv 2] # 获取第2个参数

set timeout 30 # 设置超时

# spawn是expect内部命令，开启ssh连接

spawn ssh -l username 192.168.1.1

# 判断上次输出结果里是否包含“password:”的字符串，如果有则立即返回，否则就等待一段时间(timeout)后返回

expect "password:"

# 发送内容ispass(密码、命令等)

send "ispass\r"

# 发送内容给用户

send_user "$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"

send_user "It's OK\r"

# 执行完成后保持交互状态，控制权交给控制台(手工操作)。否则会完成后会退出。

interact

命令介绍

close:关闭当前进程的连接。
debug:控制调试器。

disconnect:断开进程连接(进程仍在后台运行)。

定时读取密码、执行priv_prog

send_user "password?\ "

expect_user -re "(.*)\n"

for {} 1 {} {

if {[fork]!=0} {sleep 3600;continue}

disconnect

spawn priv_prog

expect Password:

send "$expect_out(1,string)\r"

. . .

exit

}

exit:退出expect。
exp_continue [-continue_timer]:继续执行下面的匹配。
exp_internal [-f file] value:

expect范例

自动telnet会话

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP

set userid [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2个参数,作为userid

set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码

set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ] # 接收第4个参数，作为命令

set timeout 10 # 设置超时时间

# 向远程服务器请求打开一个telnet会话，并等待服务器询问用户名

spawn telnet $ip

expect "username:"

# 输入用户名，并等待服务器询问密码

send "$userid\r"

expect "password:"

# 输入密码，并等待键入需要运行的命令

send "$mypassword\r"

expect "%"

# 输入预先定好的密码，等待运行结果

send "$mycommand\r"

expect "%"

# 将运行结果存入到变量中，显示出来或者写到磁盘中

set results $expect_out(buffer)

# 退出telnet会话，等待服务器的退出提示EOF

send "exit\r"

expect eof

自动建立FTP会话

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP

set userid [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2个参数,作为Userid

set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码

set timeout 10 # 设置超时时间

# 向远程服务器请求打开一个FTP会话，并等待服务器询问用户名

spawn ftp $ip

expect "username:"

# 输入用户名，并等待服务器询问密码

send "$userid\r"

expect "password:"

# 输入密码，并等待FTP提示符的出现

send "$mypassword\r"

expect "ftp>"

# 切换到二进制模式，并等待FTP提示符的出现

send "bin\r"

expect "ftp>"

# 关闭ftp的提示符

send "prompt\r"

expect "ftp>"

# 下载所有文件

send "mget *\r"

expect "ftp>"

# 退出此次ftp会话，并等待服务器的退出提示EOF

send "bye\r"

expect eof

自动登录ssh执行命令

#!/usr/bin/expect

set IP [lindex $argv 0]

set USER [lindex $argv 1]

set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2]

set CMD [lindex $argv 3]

spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMD

expect {

"(yes/no)?" {

send "yes\r"

expect "password:"

send "$PASSWD\r"

}

"password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"}

"* to host" {exit 1}

}

expect eof

自动登录ssh

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

set ip [lindex $argv 0 ] # 接收第1个参数,作为IP

set username [lindex $argv 1 ] # 接收第2个参数,作为username

set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码

set timeout 10 # 设置超时时间

spawn ssh $username@$ip # 发送ssh请求

expect { # 返回信息匹配

"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue} # 第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续

"*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" } # 出现密码提示,发送密码

}

interact # 交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面

批量登录ssh服务器执行操作范例，设定增量的for循环

#!/usr/bin/expect

for {set i 10} {$i <= 12} {incr i} {

set timeout 30

set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]

spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com

expect_before "no)?" {

send "yes\r" }

sleep 1

expect "password*"

send "hello\r"

expect "*#"

send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"

expect "*#"

send "echo\r"

}

exit

批量登录ssh并执行命令，foreach语法

#!/usr/bin/expect

if {$argc!=2} {

send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n"

exit

}

foreach i {11 12} {

set timeout 30

set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]

set password [lindex $argv 1]

spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user [email protected]

expect_before "no)?" {

send "yes\r" }

sleep 1

expect "Enter passphrase for key*"

send "password\r"

expect "*#"

send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"

expect "*#"

send "echo\r"

}

exit

另一自动ssh范例，从命令行获取服务器IP，foreach语法，expect嵌套

#!/usr/bin/expect

# 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...

set timeout 20

if {$argc < 1} {

puts "Usage: script IPs"

exit 1

}

# 替换你自己的用户名

set user "username"

#替换你自己的登录密码

set password "yourpassword"

foreach IP $argv {

spawn ssh $user@$IP

expect \

"(yes/no)?" {

send "yes\r"

expect "password:?" {

send "$password\r"

}

} "password:?" {

send "$password\r"

}

expect "\$?"

# 替换你要执行的命令

send "last\r"

expect "\$?"

sleep 10

send "exit\r"

expect eof

}

批量ssh执行命令，用shell调用tclsh方式、多进程同时执行

tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter

#!/bin/sh

# -*- tcl -*- \

exec tclsh $0 "$@"

package require Expect

set username [lindex $argv 0]

set password [lindex $argv 1]

set argv [lrange $argv 2 end]

set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"

foreach ip $argv {

spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh

lappend ids $spawn_id

}

expect_before -i ids eof {

set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)]

set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index]

if [llength $ids] exp_continue

}

expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" {

send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r

exp_continue

} -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" {

send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r

exp_continue

} -i ids "assword:" {

send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r

exp_continue

} -i ids -re $prompt {

set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id)

send "echo hello; exit\r"

exp_continue

} timeout {

exit 1

}

ssh登录过程常规提示文字

The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?


Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa':


Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143
[root@master003 ~]#


[email protected]'s password:


Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102
[root@lvsmaster ~]#

ssh自动登录expect脚本:ssh.expect

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

# Auther:YuanXing

# Update:2014-02-08

if {$argc < 4} {

send_user "Usage:\n $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n"

puts stderr "argv error!\n"

sleep 1

exit 1

}

set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]

set user [lindex $argv 1 ]

set passwd [lindex $argv 2 ]

set port [lindex $argv 3 ]

set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ]

set timeout 6

if {$port == ""} {

set port 22

}

#send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase"

spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ip

expect_before "(yes/no)\\?" {

send "yes\r"}

expect \

"Enter passphrase for key*" {

send "$passphrase\r"

exp_continue

} " password:?" {

send "$passwd\r"

exp_continue

} "*\[#\\\$]" {

interact

} "* to host" {

send_user "Connect faild!"

exit 2

} timeout {

send_user "Connect timeout!"

exit 2

} eof {

send_user "Lost connect!"

exit

}

Mikrotik backup script using ssh and expect

http://www.pmoghadam.com/homepage/HTML/mikrotik-backup-script-ssh-expect.html

#!/bin/bash

# BY: Pejman Moghadam

# TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftp

# DATE: 2012-05-27 14:42:14

BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups"

HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1"

PORT="22"

USER="admin"

PASS="123456"

TMP=$(mktemp)

TODAY=$(date +%F)

FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY"

PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"

# create expect script

cat > $TMP << EOF

#exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debug

set timeout -1

spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAME

match_max 100000

expect -exact "password:"

send -- "$PASS\r"

sleep 1

expect " > "

send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r"

expect " > "

send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r"

expect " > "

send -- "quit\r"

expect eof

EOF

# run expect script

#cat $TMP # Uncomment for debug

expect -f $TMP

# remove expect script

rm $TMP

# download and remove backup files

# "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing files

cd ${BACKUP_DIR}

echo "

set xfer:clobber on

get ${FILENAME}.rsc

rm ${FILENAME}.rsc

get ${FILENAME}.backup

rm ${FILENAME}.backup" |

lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME

一个比较好的expect脚本学习手册

expect - 自动交互脚本

expect参数

启用选项

常用命令

命令介绍

expect范例

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