解决gazebo中urdf模型显示不正常的问题，rviz中显示模型

其他 2021-03-19 06:36:00 阅读次数: 0

之前使用roslaunch将urdf模型加载到rosparam参数服务器中

而在rviz中模型颜色显示正常，gazebo中显示白色。

正确的解决办法是：

单独文件materials.xacro中定义材料的性质

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!-- 
These are some material descriptions of the Pioneer 3DX.
Copyright (C) 2013 Rafael Berkvens [email protected]

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

This project is based on work by Tracy Davies, where it was in turn based on
work original in ucs-ros-pkg.-->
<robot>
  <material name="black">
    <color rgba="0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0"/>
  </material>

  <material name="blue">
    <color rgba="0.0 0.0 0.8 1.0"/>
  </material>

  <material name="green">
    <color rgba="0.0 0.8 0.0 1.0"/>
  </material>

  <material name="gray">
    <color rgba="0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0"/>
  </material>

  <material name="darkgray">
    <color rgba="0.3 0.3 0.3 1.0"/>
  </material>

  <material name="red">
    <color rgba="0.8 0.0 0.0 1.0"/>
  </material>

  <material name="white">
    <color rgba="1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0"/>
  </material>

  <material name="yellow">
    <color rgba="0.8 0.8 0.0 1.0"/>
  </material>

</robot>

修改pxdx.xacro中引用material，注意删除visual中的name，否则显示不正常

<material name="red"/> visual元素中用来定义材料

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!-- 
This is the xacro description of a Pioneer 3DX, to be used in rviz and gazebo.
Copyright (C) 2013 Rafael Berkvens [email protected]

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

This project is based on work by Tracy Davies, where it was in turn based on
work original in ucs-ros-pkg.-->

<robot name="pxdx" xmlns:xacro="http://www.ros.org/wiki/xacro">

  <!-- import all gazebo-customization elements, including gazebo colors -->
  <xacro:include filename="pxdx.gazebo" />
  <!-- import the pioneer 3dx's wheels -->
  <xacro:include filename="pxdx_wheel.xacro" />
  <xacro:include filename="materials.xacro" />

  <!-- chassis -->
	<link name="base_link">
		<inertial>
			<mass value="3.5" />
			<!--<origin xyz="-0.025 0 -0.223"/> -->
			<origin xyz="-0.05 0 0" />
			<inertia ixx="1" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="1" iyz="0" izz="1" />
		</inertial>

		<visual>
			<origin xyz="-0.045 0 0.145" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry name="pioneer_geom">
				<box size="0.35 0.25 0.14" />
			</geometry>
			<material name="red"/>
		</visual>

		<collision>
			<origin xyz="-0.045 0 0.145" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry>
				<box size="0.35 0.25 0.14" />
			</geometry>
		</collision>
	</link>

  <!-- top_plate -->
	<link name="top_plate">
		<inertial>
			<mass value="0.01" />
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" />
			<inertia ixx="0.001" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="0.001" iyz="0" izz="0.001" />
		</inertial>

		<visual>
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry name="top_geom">
				<box size="0.45 0.38 0.01" />
			</geometry>

			<material name="black"/>
		</visual>

		<collision>
			<origin xyz="0.0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry name="pioneer_geom">
				<box size="0.45 0.38 0.01" />
			</geometry>
		</collision>
	</link>

	<joint name="base_top_joint" type="fixed">
		<origin xyz="-0.045 0 0.234" rpy="0 0 0" />
		<parent link="base_link" />
		<child link="top_plate" />
	</joint>

  <!-- swivel -->
	<link name="swivel">
		<inertial>
			<mass value="0.1" />
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" />
			<inertia ixx="0.01" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="0.01" iyz="0" izz="0.01" />
		</inertial>

		<visual>
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry name="pioneer_geom">
				<box size="0.01 0.01 0.01" />
			</geometry>
			<material name="gray"/>
		</visual>

		<collision>
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry>
				<box size="0.01 0.01 0.01" />
			</geometry>
		</collision>
	</link>

	<joint name="base_swivel_joint" type="continuous">
		<origin xyz="-0.185 0 0.055" rpy="0 0 0" />
		<axis xyz="0 0 1" />
		<anchor xyz="0 0 0" />
		<limit effort="100" velocity="100" k_velocity="0" />
		<joint_properties damping="0.0" friction="0.0" />
		<parent link="base_link" />
		<child link="swivel" />
	</joint>

  <!-- center_hubcap -->
	<link name="center_hubcap">
		<inertial>
			<mass value="0.01" />
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" />
			<inertia ixx="0.012411765597" ixy="-0.000711733678" ixz="0.00050272983"
				iyy="0.015218160428" iyz="-0.000004273467" izz="0.011763977943" />
		</inertial>

		<visual>
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry name="pioneer_geom">
				<box size="0.01 0.01 0.01" />
			</geometry>
			<material name="gray"/>
		</visual>

		<collision>
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry>
				<box size="0.01 0.01 0.01" />
			</geometry>
		</collision>
	</link>

	<joint name="swivel_hubcap_joint" type="continuous">
		<origin xyz="-0.026 0 -0.016" rpy="0 0 0" />
		<axis xyz="0 1 0" />
		<anchor xyz="0 0 0" />
		<limit effort="100" velocity="100" k_velocity="0" />
		<joint_properties damping="0.0" friction="0.0" />
		<parent link="swivel" />
		<child link="center_wheel" />
	</joint>

  <!-- center_wheel -->
	<link name="center_wheel">
		<inertial>
			<mass value="0.1" />
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" />
			<inertia ixx="0.012411765597" ixy="-0.000711733678" ixz="0.00050272983"
				iyy="0.015218160428" iyz="-0.000004273467" izz="0.011763977943" />
		</inertial>

		<visual>
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="${-3.1415927/2.0} 0 0" />
			<geometry name="pioneer_geom">
				<cylinder radius="0.0375" length="0.01" />
			</geometry>
			<material name="black"/>

		</visual>

		<collision>
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="${-3.1415927/2.0} 0 0" />
			<geometry>
				<cylinder radius="0.0375" length="0.01" />
			</geometry>
		</collision>
	</link>

	<joint name="center_wheel_joint" type="fixed">
		<origin xyz="-0.0035 0 -0.001" rpy="0 0 0"/>
		<parent link="center_wheel"/>
		<child link="center_hubcap"/>
	</joint>

	<xacro:p3dx_wheel suffix="left" parent="base_link" reflect="1"/>
	<xacro:p3dx_wheel suffix="right" parent="base_link" reflect="-1"/>
	
	<!-- lms100 laser -->
	<link name="lms100">
		<inertial>
			<mass value="1e-5" />
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<inertia ixx="1e-6" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="1e-6" iyz="0" izz="1e-6" />
		</inertial>

		<visual>
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry>
				<box size="0.1 0.1 0.1" />   
			</geometry>
			<material name="green"/>
		</visual>

		<collision>
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<geometry>
				<box size="0.1 0.1 0.1" />
			</geometry>
		</collision>
	</link>

	<joint name="lms100_joint" type="fixed">
		<axis xyz="0 1 0" />
		<origin xyz="0 0 0.25" rpy="0 0 0" />
		<parent link="base_link" />
		<child link="lms100" />
	</joint>

</robot>

pxdx.gazebo中定义reference为link名，然后将颜色转换为gazebo颜色，并同时定义其他

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!-- 
This is the gazebo urdf description of a Pioneer 3DX.
Copyright (C) 2013 Rafael Berkvens [email protected]

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 -->
<robot xmlns:xacro="http://www.ros.org/wiki/xacro">
  
  <!-- properties (constants) -->
  <xacro:property name="ns" value="pxdx" />
  <!-- ros_control plugin -->
  <gazebo>
    <plugin name="gazebo_ros_control" filename="libgazebo_ros_control.so">
      <robotNamespace>/${ns}</robotNamespace>
    </plugin>
  </gazebo>

  <!-- base_link -->
	<gazebo reference="base_link">
	  <material>Gazebo/Red</material>
	</gazebo>

  <!-- top_plate -->
  <gazebo reference="top_plate">
    <material>Gazebo/Black</material>
  </gazebo>
  
  <!-- swivel -->
  <gazebo reference="swivel">
	<material>Gazebo/Gray</material>
  </gazebo>
  
  <!-- center_hubcap -->
	<gazebo reference="center_hubcap">
	  <material>Gazebo/Gray</material>
	</gazebo>
  
  <!-- center_wheel -->
	<gazebo reference="center_wheel">
		<material>Gazebo/Black</material>
		<mu1>10.0</mu1>
		<mu2>10.0</mu2>
		<kp>1000000.0</kp>
		<kd>1.0</kd>
	</gazebo>

  <!-- differential drive -->
	<gazebo>
		<plugin name="differential_drive_controller" filename="libgazebo_ros_diff_drive.so">
			<alwaysOn>true</alwaysOn>
            <legacyMode>0</legacyMode>
            <robotNamespace>/${ns}</robotNamespace>
			<updateRate>100</updateRate>
			<leftJoint>base_right_wheel_joint</leftJoint>
			<rightJoint>base_left_wheel_joint</rightJoint>
			<wheelSeparation>0.39</wheelSeparation>
			<wheelDiameter>0.15</wheelDiameter>
            <wheelAcceleration>1.0</wheelAcceleration>
			<wheelTorque>5</wheelTorque>
			<commandTopic>cmd_vel</commandTopic>
			<odometryTopic>odom</odometryTopic>
			<odometryFrame>base_footprint</odometryFrame>
			<robotBaseFrame>base_link</robotBaseFrame>
            <publishWheelTF>0</publishWheelTF>
            <publishOdom>1</publishOdom>
            <publishWheelJointState>0</publishWheelJointState>
		</plugin>
	</gazebo>

  <!-- ground truth -->
	<gazebo>
		<plugin name="p3d_base_controller" filename="libgazebo_ros_p3d.so">
			<alwaysOn>true</alwaysOn>
			<updateRate>50.0</updateRate>
			<bodyName>base_link</bodyName>
			<topicName>base_pose_ground_truth</topicName>
            <robotNamespace>/${ns}</robotNamespace>
			<gaussianNoise>0.01</gaussianNoise>
			<frameName>map</frameName>
			<!-- initialize odometry for fake localization -->
			<xyzOffsets>0 0 0</xyzOffsets>
			<rpyOffsets>0 0 0</rpyOffsets>
		</plugin>
	</gazebo>
	
	<!-- lms100 -->
	<gazebo reference="lms100">
	  <material>Gazebo/Green</material>
		<sensor type="ray" name="head_hokuyo_sensor">
			<pose>0 0 0 0 0 0</pose>
			<visualize>false</visualize>
			<update_rate>10</update_rate>
			<ray>
				<scan>
					<horizontal>
						<samples>360</samples>
						<resolution>1</resolution>
						<min_angle>-3.1415926</min_angle>
						<max_angle>3.1415926</max_angle>
					</horizontal>
				</scan>
				<range>
					<min>0.10</min>
					<max>16.0</max>
					<resolution>0.01</resolution>
				</range>
				<noise>
					<type>gaussian</type>
					<!-- Noise parameters based on published spec for Hokuyo laser achieving 
						"+-30mm" accuracy at range < 10m. A mean of 0.0m and stddev of 0.01m will 
						put 99.7% of samples within 0.03m of the true reading. -->
					<mean>0.0</mean>
					<stddev>0.01</stddev>
				</noise>
			</ray>
			<plugin name="gazebo_ros_head_hokuyo_controller" filename="libgazebo_ros_laser.so">
				<topicName>laser_scan</topicName>
                <robotNamespace>/${ns}</robotNamespace>
				<frameName>lms100</frameName>
			</plugin>
		</sensor>
	</gazebo>
  <gazebo>
        <plugin name="joint_state_publisher" filename="libgazebo_ros_joint_state_publisher.so">
            <jointName>base_right_wheel_joint,base_left_wheel_joint,swivel_hubcap_joint,base_swivel_joint</jointName>
            <robotNamespace>/${ns}</robotNamespace>
        </plugin>
    </gazebo>
</robot>

pxdx_wheel.xacro中指定material

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!-- 
This is the xacro description of a wheel of the Pioneer 3DX.
Copyright (C) 2013 Rafael Berkvens [email protected]

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

This project is based on work by Tracy Davies, where it was in turn based on
work original in ucs-ros-pkg.
 -->

<robot xmlns:xacro="http://www.ros.org/wiki/xacro">
	<!-- properties (constants) -->
	<xacro:property name="M_PI" value="3.14159" />

	<!-- right/left hubcap + wheel -->
	<xacro:macro name="p3dx_wheel" params="suffix parent reflect">
	
		<!-- wheel -->
		<link name="p3dx_${suffix}_wheel">
			<inertial>
				<mass value="0.5" />
				<origin xyz="0 0 0" />
				<inertia ixx="0.012411765597" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="0.015218160428"
					iyz="0" izz="0.011763977943" />
			</inertial>

			<visual>
				<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="${-3.1415927/2} 0 0" />
				<geometry name="pioneer_geom">
					<cylinder radius="0.09" length="0.01" />
				</geometry>
				<material name="black"/>
			</visual>

			<collision>
				<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="${-3.1415927/2} 0 0" />
				<geometry>
					<!--<mesh filename="package://p3dx_description/meshes/${suffix}_wheel.stl"/> -->
					<cylinder radius="0.09" length="0.01" />
				</geometry>
			</collision>
		</link>

		<joint name="base_${suffix}_hubcap_joint" type="fixed">
			<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<parent link="p3dx_${suffix}_wheel" />
			<child link="p3dx_${suffix}_hubcap" />
		</joint>

		<!-- hubcap -->
		<link name="p3dx_${suffix}_hubcap">
			<inertial>
				<mass value="0.01" />
				<origin xyz="0 0 0" />
				<inertia ixx="0.012411765597" ixy="0" ixz="0" iyy="0.015218160428"
					iyz="0" izz="0.011763977943" />
			</inertial>

			<visual>
				<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
				<geometry name="pioneer_geom">
					<box size="0.01 0.01 0.01" />
				</geometry>
				<material name="yellow"/>
			</visual>

			<collision>
				<origin xyz="0 0 0" rpy="0 0 0" />
				<geometry>
					<box size="0.01 0.01 0.01" />
				</geometry>
			</collision>
		</link>

		<joint name="base_${suffix}_wheel_joint" type="continuous">
			<axis xyz="0 1 0" />
			<anchor xyz="0 0 0" />
			<limit effort="100" velocity="100" />
			<joint_properties damping="0.0" friction="0.0" />
			<origin xyz="0 ${reflect*0.158} 0.091" rpy="0 0 0" />
			<parent link="base_link" />
			<child link="p3dx_${suffix}_wheel" />
		</joint>
		
		<!-- gazebo elements -->

    <transmission name="${parent}_${suffix}_wheel_trans">
      <type>transmission_interface/SimpleTransmission</type>
      <joint name="base_${suffix}_wheel_joint">
        <hardwareInterface>EffortJointInterface</hardwareInterface>
      </joint>
      <actuator name="base_${suffix}_wheel_motor">
        <hardwareInterface>EffortJointInterface</hardwareInterface>
        <mechanicalReduction>${reflect * 624/35 * 80/19}</mechanicalReduction>
      </actuator>
    </transmission>

	<gazebo reference="p3dx_${suffix}_hubcap">
		<material>Gazebo/Yellow</material>
	</gazebo>

	<gazebo reference="p3dx_${suffix}_wheel">
		<material>Gazebo/Black</material>
		<mu1>0.5</mu1>
		<mu2>50.0</mu2>
		<kp>100000000.0</kp>
		<kd>1.0</kd>
	</gazebo>

	</xacro:macro>

</robot>

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