MySQL分布式架构(Mycat/DBLE)
-
基础架构介绍
略。见架构图。 -
准备环境
2.1 环境准备：
两台虚拟机 db01 db02
每台创建四个mysql实例：3307 3308 3309 3310
2.2 删除历史环境：
pkill mysqld
rm -rf /data/330*
\mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
2.3 创建相关目录初始化数据
mkdir /data/33{07…10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
2.4 准备配置文件和启动脚本
db01======
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
db02=======
cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
2.5 修改权限，启动多实例
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e “show variables like ‘server_id’”
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e “show variables like ‘server_id’”
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e “show variables like ‘server_id’”
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e “show variables like ‘server_id’”
2.6 开始配置主从环境
节点主从规划
开始配置主从环境
# shard1
## 10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
# db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create user repl@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create user root@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%'; "
# db01
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
# db02
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
## 10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
# db01
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
## 10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
# db02
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
====================================================================
# shard2
## 10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
# db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create user repl@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create user root@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%'; "
# db02
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
# db01
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
## 10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
# db02
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
##10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
# db01
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running:
2.7 检测主从状态
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
注：如果中间出现错误，在每个节点进行执行以下命令，从2.6从头执行
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3. MyCAT安装
3.0 介绍
开源组织和社区开发人员，在淘宝cobar（TDDL）基础上二次开发。Mycat后来被爱可生改写成了DBLE
3.1 预先安装Java运行环境
yum install -y java
3.2下载
Mycat-server-xxxxx.linux.tar.gz
3.3 解压文件
tar xf Mycat-server-*
3.4 软件目录结构
ls
bin catlet conf lib logs version.txt
3.5 启动和连接
3.5.1 配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/opt/mycat/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
3.5.2 启动
mycat start
3.5.3 连接mycat：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066
8.0之后：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
4. 配置文件介绍
4.1 bin 目录
程序目录
4.2 conf
配置文件目录
4.2.1 schema.xml
主配置文件：节点信息、读写分离、高可用设置、调用分片策略..
4.2.2 rule.xml
分片策略的定义、功能、使用用方法
4.2.3 server.xml
mycat服务有关配置： 用户、网络、权限、策略、资源...
4.2.4 xx.txt文件
分片参数定义文件
4.2.5 log4j2.xml
Mycat 相关日志记录配置
4.3 logs
wrapper.log : 启动日志
mycat.log ：工作日志
========================
++++++Mycat核心应用+++++++
1. schema.xml配置文件结构
[root@db01 conf]# cd /opt/mycat/conf/
mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak
vim schema.xml
# 逻辑库：
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
# DN数据节点（逻辑分片）：数据节点（逻辑分片）：
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />
作用：
垂直和水平查分。
# DH 数据主机
作用： 高可用和读写分离
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
====================================
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
# 1.逻辑库配置
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
# 2. DN，分片定义
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />
#3. DH节点定义
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
==================配置文件模板============================
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
===========================================================
2. 测试环境准备
db01:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "source /root/world.sql"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "source /root/world.sql"
重启mycat
mycat restart
3. 读写分离测试
# 测试读
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;"
# 测试写
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;"
4. 配置读写分离及高可用
[root@db01 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.rw
[root@db01 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
primary writehost ：负责写操作的writehost
standby writeHost ：和readhost一样，只提供读服务
当写节点宕机后，后面跟的readhost也不提供服务，这时候standby的writehost就提供写服务，
后面跟的readhost提供读服务
测试读写分离：
mycat restart
# 测试读
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;"
# 测试写
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;"
测试高可用：
[root@db01 conf]# systemctl stop mysqld3307
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;"
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;"
[root@db01 conf]# systemctl start mysqld3307
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;"
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;"
5. 参数介绍
5.1 balance属性
读操作负载均衡类型，目前的取值有3种：
1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制，所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
2. balance="1"，全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡，简单的说，
当双主双从模式(M1->S1，M2->S2，并且M1与 M2互为主备)，正常情况下，M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。
3. balance="2"，所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。
5.2 writeType属性
写操作，负载均衡类型，目前的取值有2种：
1. writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost，
第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost，重新启动后已切换后的为主，切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
2. writeType=“1”，所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost，但不推荐使用
5.3 switchType属性
-1 表示不自动切换
1 默认值，自动切换
2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ，心跳语句为 show slave status
datahost其他配置
5.4 连接有关
maxCon="1000"：最大的并发连接数
minCon="10" ：mycat在启动之后，会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程
5.5 tempReadHostAvailable="1"
这个一主一从时（1个writehost，1个readhost时），可以开启这个参数，如果2个writehost，2个readhost时
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> 监测心跳
6. Mycat 分布式架构--垂直分表
taobao库: user （sh1），order_t(sh2) ,others(sh3)
mv schema.xml schema.xml.ha
vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
创建测试库和表:
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))"
# 重启mycat
mycat restart
# mycat中对user 和 order 数据插入
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P 8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
insert into user values(1,'a');
insert into user values(2,'b');
insert into user values(3,'c');
commit;
insert into order_t values(1,'x'),(2,'y');
commit;
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao"
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| user |
+------------------+
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao"
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t |
+------------------+
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.user"
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | a |
| 2 | b |
| 3 | c |
+------+------+
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.order_t"
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | x |
| 2 | y |
+------+------+
[root@db01 conf]#
7. Mycat 分布式架构--水平拆分
7.0 重要概念
# 1. 分片策略 ：几乎融合经典业务中大部分的分片策略。Mycat已经开发了相应算法，非常方便调用。
范围分片
取模
枚举
日期
HASH
等。
# 2.分片键： 作为分片条件的列。
7.1 范围分片(range)
比如说t3表
(1)行数非常多，2000w（1-1000w:sh1 1000w01-2000w:sh2）
(2)访问非常频繁，用户顺序访问较多
# 1. 修改schema.xml文件，定制分片策略
cp schema.xml schema.xml.1
vim schema.xml
添加：
<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
# 2. 定义和使用分片策略
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>
# 3. 定义范围
vim autopartition-long.txt
0-10=0
10-20=1
4. 创建测试表：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
5. 测试：
重启mycat
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P 8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3"
[root@db01 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t3"
按月分片测试
1. 修改 schema.xml
添加:
<table name="t" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-month" />
<table name="t" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-date" />
2. rule.xml
<tableRule name="sharding-by-month">
<rule>
<columns>create_time</columns>
<algorithm>partbymonth</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="partbymonth"
class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
<property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
<property name="sBeginDate">2020-01-01</property>
</function>
3. 创建测试表
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
create table taobao.t (
id int not null primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20) not null ,
createTime datetime not null ) charset utf8 ;
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
create table taobao.t (
id int not null primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20) not null ,
createTime datetime not null ) charset utf8 ;
4. 重启mycat
[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart
5. 录入数据
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
use TESTDB
insert into t(id,name,create_time) values(1,'a','2020-01-03 10:00:00');
insert into t(id,name,create_time) values(2,'b','2020-01-05 10:00:00');
insert into t(id,name,create_time) values(3,'c','2020-01-12 10:00:00');
insert into t(id,name,create_time) values(4,'d','2020-01-16 10:00:00');
insert into t(id,name,create_time) values(5,'e','2020-01-20 10:00:00');
commit;
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t;"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t;"
7.2 取模分片
1%3 1
2%3 2
3%3 0
4%3 1
5%3 2
任何正整数数字和N（正整数）取模，得的值永远都是 0~N-1
id % 分片数量取模
N % 5 = 0-4 idx
取余分片方式：分片键（一个列）与节点数量进行取余，得到余数，将数据写入对应节点
# 1. 修改配置文件
vim schema.xml
<table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />
# 2. 查看和定义分片使用
vim rule.xml
<property name="count">2</property>
# 3. 准备测试环境
创建测试表：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart
# 4. 测试：
[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
use TESTDB
insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t4(id,name) values(6,'x'),(8,'y'),(10,'z');
分别登录后端节点查询数据
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4"
7.3 枚举分片 (区域、zone)
t5 表
id name telnum
1 bj 1212
2 sh 22222
3 bj 3333
4 sh 44444
5 bj 5555
sharding-by-intfile
# 1. 设计分片策略
vim schema.xml
<table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />
# 2. 应用分片策略
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule>
<columns>name</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
<property name="type">1</property>
</function>
vim partition-hash-int.txt 配置：
bj=0
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1
# 3. 准备测试环境
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart
# 4. 插入测试数据：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
use TESTDB
insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5"
7.4 Mycat全局表
a b c d .....
join
t
a
id name age
1 zs 18 sh1
id addr aid
1001 bj 1
1002 sh 2
2 ls 19 sh2
id addr aid
1001 bj 1
1002 sh 2
t
id addr aid
1001 bj 1
1002 sh 2
使用场景： 常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表，这些表往往不是特别大，
而且大部分的业务场景都会用到，那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表，无须对数据进行切分，
要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可，Mycat 在Join操作中，业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join，
避免跨库Join，在进行数据插入操作时，mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行，在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。
# 1. 设置全局表策略
vim schema.xml
<table name="t_area" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />
# 2. 后端数据准备
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart
# 3. 测试：
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
use TESTDB
insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area"
7.5 E-R分片
a
join
b
on a.xx =b.yy
a
id name
--------------
1 a sh1
3 c
----------------
2 b sh2
4 d
b
id addr aid
1001 bj 1 sh1
1002 sh 2
1003 tj 3 sh2
1004 wh 4
为了防止跨分片join，可以使用E-R模式
<table name="a" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long">
<childTable name="b" joinKey="aid" parentKey="id" />
</table>
select * from a join b on a.id = b.aid
例子：
1. 修改配置文件
vim schema.xml
<table name="a" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long_oldguo">
<childTable name="b" joinKey="aid" parentKey="id" />
</table>
2. 修改rule.xml mod-log分片策略:
vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="mod-long_oldguo">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>mod-long_oldguo</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="mod-long_oldguo" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
<!-- how many data nodes -->
<property name="count">2</property>
</function>
3. 创建测试表
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table a (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table b (id int not null primary key auto_increment,addr varchar(20) not null ,aid int );"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table a (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table b (id int not null primary key auto_increment,addr varchar(20) not null ,aid int );"
4. 重启mycat 测试
mycat restart
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
use TESTDB
insert into a(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into a(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into a(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into a(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into a(id,name) values(5,'e');
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1001,'bj',1);
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1002,'sj',3);
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1003,'sd',4);
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1004,'we',2);
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1005,'er',5);
========
后端数据节点数据分布：
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.a"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.b"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.a"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.b"