JetsonNano板子的RPi.GPIO接口实物图和功能介绍

GPIO(General Purpose Input Output,通用型输入输出)，对于输入，一定可以通过读取某个寄存器来确定引脚电位的高低；对于输出，一定可以通过写入某个寄存器来让这个引脚输出高电位或者低电位；对于其他特殊功能，则有另外的寄存器来控制它们。

1、JetsonNano主板和扩展板

我们先来看下JetsonNano主板的40针的引脚实物图

对应的扩展板的引脚图

我们先来看下GPIO有哪些属性和方法

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
#使用Jetson.GPIO也可以调用到GPIO驱动
#import Jetson.GPIO as GPIO
import time
dir(GPIO)
#['BCM', 'BOARD', 'BOTH', 'CVM', 'FALLING', 'HARD_PWM', 'HIGH', 'IN', 'JETSON_INFO', 'LOW', 'OUT', 'PUD_DOWN', 'PUD_OFF', 'PUD_UP', 'PWM', 'RISING', 'RPI_INFO', 'TEGRA_SOC', 'UNKNOWN', 'VERSION', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__spec__', 'add_event_callback', 'add_event_detect', 'cleanup', 'event', 'event_detected', 'getmode', 'gpio', 'gpio_event', 'gpio_function', 'gpio_pin_data', 'input', 'model', 'os', 'output', 'remove_event_detect', 'setmode', 'setup', 'setwarnings', 'time', 'wait_for_edge', 'warnings']

这里的GPIO有两种引脚模式：BCM和BOARD，对应着逻辑引脚和物理引脚，下面是对针脚的一些对应说明图片，大家可以了解下

GPIO的其他的一些相关信息，我们来熟悉一下：

#RPi.GPIO模块的版本信息
GPIO.VERSION
#0.1.0

#RPI信息
GPIO.RPI_INFO
#{'P1_REVISION': 1, 'RAM': '4096M', 'REVISION': 'Unknown', 'TYPE': 'Jetson Nano', 'MANUFACTURER': 'NVIDIA', 'PROCESSOR': 'ARM A57'}

GPIO.JETSON_INFO跟上面一样的结果
#{'P1_REVISION': 1, 'RAM': '4096M', 'REVISION': 'Unknown', 'TYPE': 'Jetson Nano', 'MANUFACTURER': 'NVIDIA', 'PROCESSOR': 'ARM A57'}

#设置引脚的输出状态(设置23引脚为高电平)
GPIO.output(LED3BLUE_pin, GPIO.HIGH)

#读取 GPIO 引脚的值(参数:通道是基于您指定的编号系统BOARD或BCM的通道号)：
GPIO.input(LED3BLUE_pin)

然后我们来对引脚做一些操作示例，当然在做下面这些操作之前，需要先获取外设的权限，比如gpio和i2c的使用权限

sudo usermod -a -G gpio jetson    #jetson为当前用户名
sudo usermod -a -G i2c jetson     #jetson为当前用户名

2、循环闪烁板载蓝色LED

从RPi.GPIO导入GPIO对象,初始化引脚对象，将GPIO口模式设置为BCM模式,设置为输出模式,初始电平为高电平，然后每隔0.25进入函数翻转GPIO口电平使LED闪烁

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# 引脚定义
LED3BLUE_pin = 23  # BOARD pin 12, BCM pin 18

def main():
    # Pin Setup:Board pin-numbering scheme
    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
    # 将引脚设置为输出引脚，初始状态可选为高
    GPIO.setup(LED3BLUE_pin, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.HIGH)

    print("Starting demo now!")
    curr_value = GPIO.HIGH
    try:
        while True:
            # 每隔0.25秒钟翻转一次输出
            time.sleep(0.25)
            print("Outputting {} to pin {}".format(curr_value, LED3BLUE_pin))
            GPIO.output(LED3BLUE_pin, curr_value)
            curr_value ^= GPIO.HIGH
    finally:
        GPIO.cleanup()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

'''
Starting demo now!
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/Jetson/GPIO/gpio.py:352: RuntimeWarning: This channel is already in use, continuing anyway. Use GPIO.setwarnings(False) to disable warnings
  RuntimeWarning)
Outputting 1 to pin 23
Outputting 0 to pin 23
Outputting 1 to pin 23
Outputting 0 to pin 23
Outputting 1 to pin 23
Outputting 0 to pin 23
Outputting 1 to pin 23
Outputting 0 to pin 23
Outputting 1 to pin 23
Outputting 0 to pin 23
...
'''

禁用警告已有提示说明，可以使用GPIO.setwarnings(False)来忽略掉

3、循环闪烁板载绿色LED

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# 引脚定义
LED2GREEN_pin = 24  # BOARD pin 12, BCM pin 18

def main():
    # Pin Setup:
    # Board pin-numbering scheme
    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
    # 将引脚设置为输出引脚，初始状态可选为高
    GPIO.setup(LED2GREEN_pin, GPIO.OUT, initial=GPIO.HIGH)

    print("Starting demo now!")
    curr_value = GPIO.HIGH
    try:
        while True:
             # 每隔0.25秒钟翻转一次输出
            time.sleep(0.25)
            print("Outputting {} to pin {}".format(curr_value, LED2GREEN_pin))
            GPIO.output(LED2GREEN_pin, curr_value)
            curr_value ^= GPIO.HIGH
    finally:
        GPIO.cleanup()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
'''
Starting demo now!
Outputting 1 to pin 24
Outputting 0 to pin 24
Outputting 1 to pin 24
Outputting 0 to pin 24
Outputting 1 to pin 24
Outputting 0 to pin 24
Outputting 1 to pin 24
Outputting 0 to pin 24
Outputting 1 to pin 24
Outputting 0 to pin 24
...
'''

4、按键事件检测

将按键GPIO口模式设置为BCM模式,设置为输入模式，当按键状态发生变化后会使绿色LED跟随状态变化,并打印当前按键GPIO口状态

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import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# Pin Definitons:
led_pin = 24  # BOARD pin 24 绿色
but_pin = 8  # BOARD pin 8   key1

def main():
    prev_value = None

    # Pin Setup:
    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)  # BCM
    GPIO.setup(led_pin, GPIO.OUT)  # LED pin set as output
    GPIO.setup(but_pin, GPIO.IN)  # Button pin set as input

    # Initial state for LEDs:
    GPIO.output(led_pin, GPIO.LOW)
    print("Starting demo now!")
    try:
        while True:
            curr_value = GPIO.input(but_pin)
            if curr_value != prev_value:
                GPIO.output(led_pin, not curr_value)
                prev_value = curr_value
                print("Outputting {} to Pin {}".format(curr_value, led_pin))
#             time.sleep(0.5)
    finally:
        GPIO.cleanup()  # cleanup all GPIO

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

'''
Starting demo now!
Outputting 1 to Pin 24
Outputting 0 to Pin 24
Outputting 1 to Pin 24
Outputting 0 to Pin 24
Outputting 1 to Pin 24
Outputting 0 to Pin 24
Outputting 1 to Pin 24
Outputting 0 to Pin 24
Outputting 1 to Pin 24
...
'''

这里的KEY按键，按下和松开，观察绿色LED灯的变化。

5、开启蜂鸣器

5.1、每隔1秒打开或者关闭蜂鸣器

当然在这里会用到系统总线，需要安装python-smbus

sudo apt-get install python-smbus

import smbus
import time
bus = smbus.SMBus(1)

Buzzer_ADD = 0x1B

print("Starting demo now!")
curr_value = 1
while True:
    time.sleep(1)
    # Toggle the output every second
    print("Outputting {}".format(curr_value))
    bus.write_byte_data(Buzzer_ADD,0x06,curr_value)
    curr_value ^= 1

5.2、蜂鸣器滴鸣三次

蜂鸣器GPIO口翻转6次

import smbus
import time
bus = smbus.SMBus(1)

Buzzer_ADD = 0x1B

bus.write_byte_data(Buzzer_ADD,0x06,1)
time.sleep(0.1)
bus.write_byte_data(Buzzer_ADD,0x06,0)
time.sleep(0.2)
bus.write_byte_data(Buzzer_ADD,0x06,1)
time.sleep(0.1)
bus.write_byte_data(Buzzer_ADD,0x06,0)
time.sleep(0.2)
bus.write_byte_data(Buzzer_ADD,0x06,1)
time.sleep(0.1)
bus.write_byte_data(Buzzer_ADD,0x06,0)
time.sleep(0.2)

其中的smbus我们来看下有哪些属性和方法，SMBus (System Management Bus,系统管理总线) 是1995年由Intel提出的，应用于移动PC和桌面PC系统中的低速率通讯。希望通过一条廉价并且功能强大的总线（由两条线组成），来控制主板上的设备并收集相应的信息。

print(dir(smbus.SMBus))
#['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'block_process_call', 'close', 'open', 'pec', 'process_call', 'read_block_data', 'read_byte', 'read_byte_data', 'read_i2c_block_data', 'read_word_data', 'write_block_data', 'write_byte', 'write_byte_data', 'write_i2c_block_data', 'write_quick', 'write_word_data']