目录
(1)我们先创建一个namespace来专门做夜莺监控采集指标
(1)配置Prometheus-agent configmap配置文件
(2)配置kubelet的service和endpoints
(1)配置Prometheus-agent configmap配置文件
(3)更改kube-proxy的metricsbindAddress
这一期我们讲一下夜莺来监控k8s组件的监控，因为k8s的组件复杂，内容多，所以我们分成上下两部分来学习，这一期我们先学习监控k8s的几大组件。首先我们先来了解认识一下k8s的架构和监控概述
(一)Kubernetest监控体系
当我们谈及 Kubernetes 监控的时候，我们在谈论什么？显然是 Kubernetes 架构下的各个内容的监控，Kubernetes 所跑的环境、Kubernetes 本身、跑在 Kubernetes 上面的应用等等。Kubernetes 所跑的环境，可能是物理机、虚拟机，并且依赖底层的基础网络，Kubernetes 上面的应用，可能是业务应用程序，也可能是各类中间件、数据库，Kubernetes 本身，则包含很多组件，我们通过一张 Kubernetes 架构图来说明 。
最左侧是 UI 层，包括页面 UI 以及命令行工具 kubectl，中间部分是 Kubernetes 控制面组件，右侧部分是工作负载节点，包含两个工作覆盖节点。
k8s的这个架构我们可以大致分为两个模块来理解：
1.Master组件
apiserver: 是Kubernetes集群中所有组件之间通信的中心组件，也是集群的前端接口。kube-apiserver负责验证和处理API请求，并将它们转发给其他组件。
scheduler: Kubernetes Scheduler负责在Kubernetes集群中选择最合适的Node来运行新创建的Pod，考虑到节点的资源利用率、Pod的调度限制、网络位置等因素。
controller-manager: Kubernetes Controller Manager包含多个控制器，负责监视并确保集群状态符合预期。例如，ReplicationController、NamespaceController、ServiceAccountController等等。
etcd：etcd是Kubernetes的后端数据库，用于存储和管理Kubernetes集群状态信息，例如Pod、Service、ConfigMap等对象的配置和状态信息。
2.Slave-node组件
kubelet：Kubelet是在每个Node上运行的代理服务，负责管理和监视该Node上的容器，并与kube-apiserver进行通信以保持节点状态最新。
kube-proxy：Kubernetes Proxy负责为容器提供网络代理和负载均衡功能，使得容器可以访问其他Pod、Service等网络资源。
Container Runtime：如Docker,rkt,runc等提供容器运行时环境
1.Kubernetes监控策略
Kubernetes作为开源的容器编排工具，为用户提供了一个可以统一调度，统一管理的云操作系统。其解决如用户应用程序如何运行的问题。而一旦在生产环境中大量基于Kubernetes部署和管理应用程序后，作为系统管理员，还需要充分了解应用程序以及Kubernetes集群服务运行质量如何，通过对应用以及集群运行状态数据的收集和分析，持续优化和改进，从而提供一个安全可靠的生产运行环境。 这一小节中我们将讨论当使用Kubernetes时的监控策略该如何设计。
从物理结构上讲Kubernetes主要用于整合和管理底层的基础设施资源，对外提供应用容器的自动化部署和管理能力，这些基础设施可能是物理机、虚拟机、云主机等等。因此，基础资源的使用直接影响当前集群的容量和应用的状态。在这部分，我们需要关注集群中各个节点的主机负载，CPU使用率、内存使用率、存储空间以及网络吞吐等监控指标。
从自身架构上讲，kube-apiserver是Kubernetes提供所有服务的入口，无论是外部的客户端还是集群内部的组件都直接与kube-apiserver进行通讯。因此，kube-apiserver的并发和吞吐量直接决定了集群性能的好坏。其次，对于外部用户而言，Kubernetes是否能够快速的完成pod的调度以及启动，是影响其使用体验的关键因素。而这个过程主要由kube-scheduler负责完成调度工作，而kubelet完成pod的创建和启动工作。因此在Kubernetes集群本身我们需要评价其自身的服务质量，主要关注在Kubernetes的API响应时间，以及Pod的启动时间等指标上。
Kubernetes的最终目标还是需要为业务服务，因此我们还需要能够监控应用容器的资源使用情况。对于内置了对Prometheus支持的应用程序，也要支持从这些应用程序中采集内部的监控指标。最后，结合黑盒监控模式，对集群中部署的服务进行探测，从而当应用发生故障后，能够快速处理和恢复。
综上所述，我们需要综合使用白盒监控和黑盒监控模式，建立从基础设施，Kubernetes核心组件，应用容器等全面的监控体系。
在白盒监控层面我们需要关注：
- 基础设施层（Node）：为整个集群和应用提供运行时资源，需要通过各节点的kubelet获取节点的基本状态，同时通过在节点上部署Node Exporter获取节点的资源使用情况；
- 容器基础设施（Container）：为应用提供运行时环境，Kubelet内置了对cAdvisor的支持，用户可以直接通过Kubelet组件获取给节点上容器相关监控指标；
- 用户应用（Pod）：Pod中会包含一组容器，它们一起工作，并且对外提供一个（或者一组）功能。如果用户部署的应用程序内置了对Prometheus的支持，那么我们还应该采集这些Pod暴露的监控指标；
- Kubernetes组件：获取并监控Kubernetes核心组件的运行状态，确保平台自身的稳定运行。
而在黑盒监控层面，则主要需要关注以下：
- 内部服务负载均衡（Service）：在集群内，通过Service在集群暴露应用功能，集群内应用和应用之间访问时提供内部的负载均衡。通过Blackbox Exporter探测Service的可用性，确保当Service不可用时能够快速得到告警通知；
- 外部访问入口（Ingress）：通过Ingress提供集群外的访问入口，从而可以使外部客户端能够访问到部署在Kubernetes集群内的服务。因此也需要通过Blackbox Exporter对Ingress的可用性进行探测，确保外部用户能够正常访问集群内的功能；
说这么大家肯定有了一点初步的了解k8s的监控，那我们接下来趁热打铁，直接上实践，我们用夜莺来监控k8s的六大组件。
(二)K8s-ApiServer组件监控
ApiServer 是 Kubernetes 架构中的核心，是所有 API 是入口，它串联所有的系统组件。
为了方便监控管理 ApiServer，设计者们为它暴露了一系列的指标数据。当你部署完集群，默认会在default名称空间下创建一个名叫kubernetes的 service，它就是 ApiServer 的地址，当然也可以查看本机暴露的apiserver的端口ss -tlnp
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get service -A | grep kubernetes
default kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 52d
[root@k8s-master ~]# ss -tlpn | grep apiserver
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:6443 [::]:* users:(("kube-apiserver",pid=2287,fd=7))
但是当我们想要去获取抓紧metrics数据的时候，会发现我们抓紧不了，没有权限证书
[root@k8s-master ~]# curl -s -k https://localhost:6443/metrics
{
"kind": "Status",
"apiVersion": "v1",
"metadata": {},
"status": "Failure",
"message": "forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot get path \"/metrics\"",
"reason": "Forbidden",
"details": {},
"code": 403
}[root@k8s-master ~]#
所以，要监控 ApiServer，采集到对应的指标，就需要先授权。为此，我们先准备认证信息。
(1)我们先创建一个namespace来专门做夜莺监控采集指标
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl create namespace flashcat
(2)创建认证授权信息rbac
这个yaml文件的意思就是我们创建一个账号sa名为categraf，然后给他绑定resources的verbs权限，让categraf这个账号有足够的权限来获取k8s的各个组件的指标采集
vim apiserver-auth.yaml
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: categraf
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/metrics
- nodes/stats
- nodes/proxy
- services
- endpoints
- pods
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics", "/metrics/cadvisor"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: categraf
namespace: flashcat
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: categraf
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: categraf
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: categraf
namespace: flashcat(3)使用prometheus-agent进行指标采集
支持 Kubernetes 服务发现的 agent 有不少，但是要说最原汁原味的还是 Prometheus 自身，Prometheus 新版本(v2.32.0)支持了 agent mode 模式，即把 Prometheus 进程当做采集器 agent，采集了数据之后通过 remote write 方式传给中心(这里使用早就准备好的 Nightingale 作为数据接收服务端)。那这里我就使用 Prometheus 的 agent mode 方式来采集 APIServer。
① 创建Prometheus的配置文件
这里给大家解释一下这个配置文件的一些内容，给一些对普罗米修斯还不是很了解的小伙伴参考：
global：第一部分定义的一个名为global的模块
scrape_interval: 采集间隔
evaluation_interval: 评估间隔，用于控制数据的收集和处理频率
scrape_config: 第二部分定义的模块，用来配置Prometheus要监控的目标
job_name: 表示该配置是用于监控Kubernetets APIserver的
kubernetes_sd_configs: 表示指定了从kubernetest Service Discovery中获取目录对象的方式
此处使用了 role: endpoints 获取endpoint对象，也就是API server的ip地址和端口信息。
scheme：指定了网络通信协议是HTTPS
tls_config：参数指定了TLS证书的相关配置，包括是否验证服务器端证书等。
insecure_skip_verify：是一个bool类型的参数，如果为true，表示跳过对服务器端证书的验证。在生产环境中，不应该使用，因为会导致通信的不安全。正常情况下。我们需要在客户端上配置ca证书来验证服务器端证书的合法性。
authorization: 指定了认证信息的来源，这里使用了默认的kubernetest服务账号的Token。
relabel_configs：用于将原始数据标签进行变换，筛选出需要的目标数据
source_labels：定义了三个规则用来匹配标签。其中__meta_kubernetes_namespace表示Kubernetes命名空间，__meta_kubernetes_service_name表示服务名称，__meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name表示端口名称
action：指定该操作是保留keep，也就是保留符合指定正则表达式的标签
regex：使用正则表达式来对标签进行过滤，这里的正则表达式为default;kubernetes;http，表示要保留的目标是default命名空间下的kubernetes服务，并且端口是http。
通过这个relabel_configs块，Prometheus将采集到的来自default命名空间下的kubernetes服务，并且端口是http的数据进行保留，并将这些数据推送给后续的n9e夜莺
remote_write: 用于将普罗米修斯采集的数据写入外部存储。这里我们定义的是夜莺的地址。prometheus/v1/write是外部存储的接口路径。
vim prometheus-cm.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
labels:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
namespace: flashcat
data:
prometheus.yml: |-
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
remote_write:
- url: 'http://192.168.120.17:17000/prometheus/v1/write'② 部署Prometehus Agent
这里我们使用deployment的方式部署
其中--enable-feature=agent表示启动的是 agent 模式。
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus-agent
namespace: flashcat
labels:
app: prometheus-agent
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus-agent
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus-agent
spec:
serviceAccountName: categraf
containers:
- name: prometheus
image: prom/prometheus
args:
- "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
- "--web.enable-lifecycle"
- "--enable-feature=agent"
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
resources:
requests:
cpu: 500m
memory: 500M
limits:
cpu: 1
memory: 1Gi
volumeMounts:
- name: prometheus-config-volume
mountPath: /etc/prometheus/
- name: prometheus-storage-volume
mountPath: /prometheus/
volumes:
- name: prometheus-config-volume
configMap:
defaultMode: 420
name: prometheus-agent-conf
- name: prometheus-storage-volume
emptyDir: {}查看是否部署成功
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pod -n flashcat
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
prometheus-agent-7c8d7bc7bb-42djw 1/1 Running 0 115m
然后可以到夜莺web页面查看指标 测试apiserver_request_total
获取到了指标数据，后面就是合理利用指标做其他动作，比如构建面板、告警处理等。
导入Apiserver的监控大盘，监控的json文件在categraf/apiserver-dash.json · GitHub
直接复制导入json文件的内容即可
另外，Apiserver 的关键指标的含义也贴出来
# HELP apiserver_request_duration_seconds [STABLE] Response latency distribution in seconds for each verb, dry run value, group, version, resource, subresource, scope and component.
# TYPE apiserver_request_duration_seconds histogram
apiserver响应的时间分布，按照url 和 verb 分类
一般按照instance和verb+时间 汇聚
# HELP apiserver_request_total [STABLE] Counter of apiserver requests broken out for each verb, dry run value, group, version, resource, scope, component, and HTTP response code.
# TYPE apiserver_request_total counter
apiserver的请求总数，按照verb、 version、 group、resource、scope、component、 http返回码分类统计
# HELP apiserver_current_inflight_requests [STABLE] Maximal number of currently used inflight request limit of this apiserver per request kind in last second.
# TYPE apiserver_current_inflight_requests gauge
最大并发请求数, 按mutating(非get list watch的请求)和readOnly(get list watch)分别限制
超过max-requests-inflight(默认值400)和max-mutating-requests-inflight(默认200)的请求会被限流
apiserver变更时要注意观察，也是反馈集群容量的一个重要指标
# HELP apiserver_response_sizes [STABLE] Response size distribution in bytes for each group, version, verb, resource, subresource, scope and component.
# TYPE apiserver_response_sizes histogram
apiserver 响应大小，单位byte, 按照verb、 version、 group、resource、scope、component分类统计
# HELP watch_cache_capacity [ALPHA] Total capacity of watch cache broken by resource type.
# TYPE watch_cache_capacity gauge
按照资源类型统计的watch缓存大小
# HELP process_cpu_seconds_total Total user and system CPU time spent in seconds.
# TYPE process_cpu_seconds_total counter
每秒钟用户态和系统态cpu消耗时间, 计算apiserver进程的cpu的使用率
# HELP process_resident_memory_bytes Resident memory size in bytes.
# TYPE process_resident_memory_bytes gauge
apiserver的内存使用量(单位:Byte)
# HELP workqueue_adds_total [ALPHA] Total number of adds handled by workqueue
# TYPE workqueue_adds_total counter
apiserver中包含的controller的工作队列，已处理的任务总数
# HELP workqueue_depth [ALPHA] Current depth of workqueue
# TYPE workqueue_depth gauge
apiserver中包含的controller的工作队列深度，表示当前队列中要处理的任务的数量，数值越小越好
例如APIServiceRegistrationController admission_quota_controller(三)K8s-ControllerManager组件监控
controller-manager 是 Kubernetes 控制面的组件，通常不太可能出问题，一般监控一下通用的进程指标就问题不大了，不过 controller-manager 确实也暴露了很多 /metrics 白盒指标，我们也一并梳理一下相关内容。
监控思路跟上面一样，也是用Prometheus-Agent的方式进行采集指标
(1)创建prometheus的配置文件
因为我们上面做apiserver的时候已经做了权限绑定和一些基础配置，所以这里我们直接添加Prometheus的配置文件添加job模块内容即可。
这里我们可以直接打开之前创建的prometheus-cm的configmap配置文件 添加一个job关于controller-manager的即可
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
labels:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
namespace: flashcat
data:
prometheus.yml: |-
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
## 这里添加即可以下内容即可
- job_name: 'controller-manager'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-controller-manager;https-metrics
remote_write:
- url: 'http://192.168.120.17:17000/prometheus/v1/write'(2)重新创建controller 的endpoints
先查看一下自己有没有对应的controller-manager的endpoint 如果没有创建一个servece即可
为什么要endpoint呢 因为我们上面Prometheus的采集规则role就是endpoint
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get endpoints -A | grep controller
这里如果没有查询到就创建一个serveice文件
vim controller-manager-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-controller-manager
name: kube-controller-manager
namespace: kube-system
spec:
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: https-metrics
port: 10257
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10257
selector:
component: kube-controller-manager
sessionAffinity: None
type: ClusterIP
运行yaml: kubectl apply -f controller-manager-service.yaml (3)更改controller 的bind-address
注意：如果你使用的kubeadm安装的k8s集群，需要把controller-manager的bind-address改为0.0.0.0
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
....
....
- --bind-address=0.0.0.0 ##找到bind-address 把127.0.0.1 改为 0.0.0.0
(4)指标测试
然后重启Prometheus-agent 的pod 重新加载Prometheus的配置文件的yaml
重启后先在夜莺的web页面查询指标，测试指标daemon_controller_rate_limiter_use
导入监控大盘，大盘链接:categraf/cm-dash.json at main · flashcatcloud/categraf · GitHub
查看仪表盘 (怎么导入仪表盘的操作跟上面导入apiserver的仪表盘一样的，把json文件克隆进行即可)
controller-manager关键指标意思也贴出来
# HELP rest_client_request_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Request latency in seconds. Broken down by verb and URL.
# TYPE rest_client_request_duration_seconds histogram
请求apiserver的耗时分布，按照url+verb统计
# HELP cronjob_controller_cronjob_job_creation_skew_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Time between when a cronjob is scheduled to be run, and when the corresponding job is created
# TYPE cronjob_controller_cronjob_job_creation_skew_duration_seconds histogram
cronjob 创建到运行的时间分布
# HELP leader_election_master_status [ALPHA] Gauge of if the reporting system is master of the relevant lease, 0 indicates backup, 1 indicates master. 'name' is the string used to identify the lease. Please make sure to group by name.
# TYPE leader_election_master_status gauge
控制器的选举状态，0表示backup， 1表示master
# HELP node_collector_zone_health [ALPHA] Gauge measuring percentage of healthy nodes per zone.
# TYPE node_collector_zone_health gauge
每个zone的健康node占比
# HELP node_collector_zone_size [ALPHA] Gauge measuring number of registered Nodes per zones.
# TYPE node_collector_zone_size gauge
每个zone的node数
# HELP process_cpu_seconds_total Total user and system CPU time spent in seconds.
# TYPE process_cpu_seconds_total counter
cpu使用量（也可以理解为cpu使用率）
# HELP process_open_fds Number of open file descriptors.
# TYPE process_open_fds gauge
控制器打开的fd数
# HELP pv_collector_bound_pv_count [ALPHA] Gauge measuring number of persistent volume currently bound
# TYPE pv_collector_bound_pv_count gauge
当前绑定的pv数量
# HELP pv_collector_unbound_pvc_count [ALPHA] Gauge measuring number of persistent volume claim currently unbound
# TYPE pv_collector_unbound_pvc_count gauge
当前没有绑定的pvc数量
# HELP pv_collector_bound_pvc_count [ALPHA] Gauge measuring number of persistent volume claim currently bound
# TYPE pv_collector_bound_pvc_count gauge
当前绑定的pvc数量
# HELP pv_collector_total_pv_count [ALPHA] Gauge measuring total number of persistent volumes
# TYPE pv_collector_total_pv_count gauge
pv总数量
# HELP workqueue_adds_total [ALPHA] Total number of adds handled by workqueue
# TYPE workqueue_adds_total counter
各个controller已接受的任务总数
与apiserver的workqueue_adds_total指标类似
# HELP workqueue_depth [ALPHA] Current depth of workqueue
# TYPE workqueue_depth gauge
各个controller队列深度，表示一个controller中的任务的数量
与apiserver的workqueue_depth类似，这个是指各个controller中队列的深度，数值越小越好
# HELP workqueue_queue_duration_seconds [ALPHA] How long in seconds an item stays in workqueue before being requested.
# TYPE workqueue_queue_duration_seconds histogram
任务在队列中的等待耗时,按照控制器分别统计
# HELP workqueue_work_duration_seconds [ALPHA] How long in seconds processing an item from workqueue takes.
# TYPE workqueue_work_duration_seconds histogram
任务出队到被处理完成的时间，按照控制分别统计
# HELP workqueue_retries_total [ALPHA] Total number of retries handled by workqueue
# TYPE workqueue_retries_total counter
任务进入队列重试的次数
# HELP workqueue_longest_running_processor_seconds [ALPHA] How many seconds has the longest running processor for workqueue been running.
# TYPE workqueue_longest_running_processor_seconds gauge
正在处理的任务中，最长耗时任务的处理时间
# HELP endpoint_slice_controller_syncs [ALPHA] Number of EndpointSlice syncs
# TYPE endpoint_slice_controller_syncs counter
endpoint_slice 同步的数量(1.20以上)
# HELP get_token_fail_count [ALPHA] Counter of failed Token() requests to the alternate token source
# TYPE get_token_fail_count counter
获取token失败的次数
# HELP go_memstats_gc_cpu_fraction The fraction of this program's available CPU time used by the GC since the program started.
# TYPE go_memstats_gc_cpu_fraction gauge
controller gc的cpu使用率(四)K8s-Scheduler组件监控
scheduler 是 Kubernetes 的控制面组件，负责调度对象到合适的 node 上，会有一系列的规则计算和筛选，重点关注调度相关的指标。相关监控数据也是通过 /metrics 接口暴露，scheduler的暴露的端口是10259
接下来就是采集数据了，我们还是使用 prometheus agent 来拉取数据，原汁原味的，只要在上一篇文章提供的 configmap 中增加 scheduler 相关的配置job即可
(1)创建prometheus的配置文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
labels:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
namespace: flashcat
data:
prometheus.yml: |-
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'controller-manager'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-controller-manager;https-metrics
##添加以下scheduler的job即可
- job_name: 'scheduler'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-scheduler;https
remote_write:
- url: 'http://192.168.120.17:17000/prometheus/v1/write'(2)配置Scheduler的service
跟上面一样，首先我们要查看有没有相关的sheduler的endpoint，如果没有我们就要创建一个service来暴露
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get endpoints -A | grep schedu
## 如果没有我们就创建一个service的yaml
vim scheduler-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kube-scheduler
name: kube-scheduler
namespace: kube-system
spec:
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: https
port: 10259
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10259
selector:
component: kube-scheduler
sessionAffinity: None
type: ClusterIP(3)重启prometheus-agent
配置更新完configmap后要重新去apply一下configmap或者你edit更改，更改完成后如果还是无法获取指标就重启一下Prometheus-agent的pod 重新apply一下就行 ,或者curl -X POST "http://<PROMETHEUS_IP>:9090/-/reload"重载 Prometheus，这里的prometheus的ip是pod的IP，这个ip你要查看Prometheus pod的IP 可以使用kubectl get pod -o wide -n flashcat 即可。
(注意这里如果你的k8s是kubeadm安装的，也要去scheduler的manifests文件把bind-address更改为0.0.0.0)
[root@k8s-master manifests]# vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml
......
......
......
- --bind-address=0.0.0.0 ##找到这行更改为0.0.0.0即可(4) 测试指标导入仪表盘
测试指标scheduler_scheduler_cache_size
导入监控大盘，大盘json链接: categraf/scheduler-dash.json at main · · GitHub
这里也贴出常用scheduler关键指标意思:
# HELP rest_client_request_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Request latency in seconds. Broken down by verb and URL.
# TYPE rest_client_request_duration_seconds histogram
请求apiserver的延迟分布
# HELP rest_client_requests_total [ALPHA] Number of HTTP requests, partitioned by status code, method, and host.
# TYPE rest_client_requests_total counter
请求apiserver的总数 ,按照host code method 统计
# HELP leader_election_master_status [ALPHA] Gauge of if the reporting system is master of the relevant lease, 0 indicates backup, 1 indicates master. 'name' is the string used to identify the lease. Please make sure to group by name.
# TYPE leader_election_master_status gauge
调度器的选举状态，0表示backup， 1表示master
# HELP scheduler_queue_incoming_pods_total [STABLE] Number of pods added to scheduling queues by event and queue type.
# TYPE scheduler_queue_incoming_pods_total counter
进入调度队列的pod数
# HELP scheduler_preemption_attempts_total [STABLE] Total preemption attempts in the cluster till now
# TYPE scheduler_preemption_attempts_total counter
调度器驱逐容器的次数
# HELP scheduler_scheduler_cache_size [ALPHA] Number of nodes, pods, and assumed (bound) pods in the scheduler cache.
# TYPE scheduler_scheduler_cache_size gauge
调度器cache中node pod和绑定pod的数目
# HELP scheduler_pending_pods [STABLE] Number of pending pods, by the queue type. 'active' means number of pods in activeQ; 'backoff' means number of pods in backoffQ; 'unschedulable' means number of pods in unschedulableQ.
# TYPE scheduler_pending_pods gauge
调度pending的pod数量，按照queue type分别统计
# HELP scheduler_plugin_execution_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Duration for running a plugin at a specific extension point.
# TYPE scheduler_plugin_execution_duration_seconds histogram
调度插件在每个扩展点的执行时间，按照extension_point+plugin+status 分别统计
# HELP scheduler_e2e_scheduling_duration_seconds [ALPHA] (Deprecated since 1.23.0) E2e scheduling latency in seconds (scheduling algorithm + binding). This metric is replaced by scheduling_attempt_duration_seconds.
# TYPE scheduler_e2e_scheduling_duration_seconds histogram
调度延迟分布，1.23.0 以后会被scheduling_attempt_duration_seconds替代
# HELP scheduler_framework_extension_point_duration_seconds [STABLE] Latency for running all plugins of a specific extension point.
# TYPE scheduler_framework_extension_point_duration_seconds histogram
调度框架的扩展点延迟分布,按extension_point(扩展点Bind Filter Permit PreBind/PostBind PreFilter/PostFilter Reseve)
+profile（调度器）+ status(调度成功) 统计
# HELP scheduler_pod_scheduling_attempts [STABLE] Number of attempts to successfully schedule a pod.
# TYPE scheduler_pod_scheduling_attempts histogram
pod调度成功前，调度重试的次数分布
# HELP scheduler_schedule_attempts_total [STABLE] Number of attempts to schedule pods, by the result. 'unschedulable' means a pod could not be scheduled, while 'error' means an internal scheduler problem.
# TYPE scheduler_schedule_attempts_total counter
按照调度结果统计的调度重试次数。 "unschedulable" 表示无法调度，"error"表示调度器内部错误
# HELP scheduler_scheduler_goroutines [ALPHA] Number of running goroutines split by the work they do such as binding.
# TYPE scheduler_scheduler_goroutines gauge
按照功能(binding filter之类)统计的goroutine数量
# HELP scheduler_scheduling_algorithm_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Scheduling algorithm latency in seconds
# TYPE scheduler_scheduling_algorithm_duration_seconds histogram
调度算法的耗时分布
# HELP scheduler_scheduling_attempt_duration_seconds [STABLE] Scheduling attempt latency in seconds (scheduling algorithm + binding)
# TYPE scheduler_scheduling_attempt_duration_seconds histogram
调度算法+binding的耗时分布
# HELP scheduler_scheduler_goroutines [ALPHA] Number of running goroutines split by the work they do such as binding.
# TYPE scheduler_scheduler_goroutines gauge
调度器的goroutines数目(五)K8s-Etcd组件监控
ETCD 是 Kubernetes 控制面的重要组件和依赖，Kubernetes 的各类信息都存储在 ETCD 中，所以监控 ETCD 就显得尤为重要。ETCD 在 Kubernetes 中的架构角色如下（只与 APIServer 交互）：
ETCD 是一个类似 Zookeeper 的产品，通常由多个节点组成集群，节点之间使用 raft 协议保证一致性。ETCD 具有以下特点：
- 每个节点都有一个角色状态，Follower、Candidate、Leader
- 如果 Follower 找不到当前 Leader 节点的时候，就会变成 Candidate
- 选举系统会从 Candidate 中选出 Leader
- 所有的写操作都通过 Leader 进行
- 一旦 Leader 从大多数 Follower 拿到 ack，该写操作就被认为是“已提交”状态
- 只要大多数节点存活，整个 ETCD 就是存活的，个别节点挂掉不影响整个集群的可用性
- ETCD 使用 restful 风格的 HTTP API 来操作，这使得 ETCD 的使用非常方便，这也是 ETCD 流行的一个关键因素
ETCD 这么云原生的组件，显然是内置支持了 /metrics 接口的，不过 ETCD 很讲求安全性，默认的 2379 端口的访问是要用证书的，我来测试一下先：
[[email protected] ~]# curl -k https://localhost:2379/metrics
curl: (35) error:14094412:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:sslv3 alert bad certificate
[[email protected] ~]# ls /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
ca.crt ca.key healthcheck-client.crt healthcheck-client.key peer.crt peer.key server.crt server.key
[[email protected] ~]# curl -s --cacert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.crt --key /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/server.key https://localhost:2379/metrics | head -n 6
# HELP etcd_cluster_version Which version is running. 1 for 'cluster_version' label with current cluster version
# TYPE etcd_cluster_version gauge
etcd_cluster_version{cluster_version="3.5"} 1
# HELP etcd_debugging_auth_revision The current revision of auth store.
# TYPE etcd_debugging_auth_revision gauge
etcd_debugging_auth_revision 1 使用 kubeadm 安装的 Kubernetes 集群，相关证书是在 /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd 目录下，为 curl 命令指定相关证书，是可以访问的通的。后面使用 Categraf 的 prometheus 插件直接采集相关数据即可。
不过指标数据实在没必要做这么强的安全管控，整的挺麻烦，实际上，ETCD 也确实提供了另一个端口来获取指标数据，无需走这套证书认证机制。
(1)更改etcd配置文件监听地址为0.0.0.0
这里我们首先去etcd的manifests文件更改监听metrics地址
[root@k8s-master manifests]# vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml
......
......
- --listen-metrics-urls=http://0.0.0.0:2381 ##找到lisetn这行，把地址改为0.0.0.0
这样改完以后我们就能直接通过2381端口来抓取metrics数据
[[email protected] ~]# curl -s localhost:2381/metrics | head -n 6
# HELP etcd_cluster_version Which version is running. 1 for 'cluster_version' label with current cluster version
# TYPE etcd_cluster_version gauge
etcd_cluster_version{cluster_version="3.5"} 1
# HELP etcd_debugging_auth_revision The current revision of auth store.
# TYPE etcd_debugging_auth_revision gauge
etcd_debugging_auth_revision 1(2)数据采集
ETCD 的数据采集通常使用 3 种方式：
- 使用 ETCD 所在宿主的 agent 直接来采集，因为 ETCD 是个静态 Pod，采用的 hostNetwork，所以 agent 直接连上去采集即可
- 把采集器和 ETCD 做成 sidecar 的模式，ETCD 的使用其实已经越来越广泛，不只是给 Kubernetes 使用，很多业务也在使用，在 Kubernetes 里创建和管理 ETCD 也是很常见的做法，sidecar 这种模式非常干净，随着 ETCD 创建而创建，随着其销毁而销毁，省事
- 使用服务发现机制，在中心端部署采集器，就像之前的文章中介绍的 APIServer、Controller-manager、Scheduler 等的做法，使用 Prometheus agent mode 采集监控数据，当然，这种方式的话需要有对应的 etcd endpoint，你可以自行检查一下
kubectl get endpoints -n kube-system，如果没有，创建一下即可
[root@k8s-master manifests]# kubectl get endpoints -A | grep etcd
##如果没有对应的endpoint 就创建一个service
vim etcd-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
namespace: kube-system
name: etcd
labels:
k8s-app: etcd
spec:
selector:
component: etcd
type: ClusterIP
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: http
port: 2381
targetPort: 2381
protocol: TCP更改我们直接写的configmap的Prometheus的配置文件，添加etcd job字段模块即可
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
labels:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
namespace: flashcat
data:
prometheus.yml: |-
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'controller-manager'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-controller-manager;https-metrics
- job_name: 'scheduler'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-scheduler;https
## 添加以下etcd字段
- job_name: 'etcd'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: http
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;etcd;http
remote_write:
- url: 'http://192.168.120.17:17000/prometheus/v1/write'(3)指标测试
更改完成后 重新加载yaml文件和Prometheus-agent，然后打开夜莺的web页面指标查询，测试指标是否查询得到：etcd_cluster_version
查询到指标后，导入监控仪表盘，仪表盘json地址：categraf/etcd-dash. · fl/categraf · GitHub
复制json文件克隆到仪表盘
ETCD关键指标意思含义:
# HELP etcd_server_is_leader Whether or not this member is a leader. 1 if is, 0 otherwise.
# TYPE etcd_server_is_leader gauge
etcd leader 表示 ，1 leader 0 learner
# HELP etcd_server_health_success The total number of successful health checks
# TYPE etcd_server_health_success counter
etcd server 健康检查成功次数
# HELP etcd_server_health_failures The total number of failed health checks
# TYPE etcd_server_health_failures counter
etcd server 健康检查失败次数
# HELP etcd_disk_defrag_inflight Whether or not defrag is active on the member. 1 means active, 0 means not.
# TYPE etcd_disk_defrag_inflight gauge
是否启动数据压缩，1表示压缩，0表示没有启动压缩
# HELP etcd_server_snapshot_apply_in_progress_total 1 if the server is applying the incoming snapshot. 0 if none.
# TYPE etcd_server_snapshot_apply_in_progress_total gauge
是否再快照中，1 快照中，0 没有
# HELP etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total The number of leader changes seen.
# TYPE etcd_server_leader_changes_seen_total counter
集群leader切换的次数
# HELP grpc_server_handled_total Total number of RPCs completed on the server, regardless of success or failure.
# TYPE grpc_server_handled_total counter
grpc 调用总数
# HELP etcd_disk_wal_fsync_duration_seconds The latency distributions of fsync called by WAL.
# TYPE etcd_disk_wal_fsync_duration_seconds histogram
etcd wal同步耗时
# HELP etcd_server_proposals_failed_total The total number of failed proposals seen.
# TYPE etcd_server_proposals_failed_total counter
etcd proposal（提议）失败总次数(proposal就是完成raft协议的一次请求）
# HELP etcd_server_proposals_pending The current number of pending proposals to commit.
# TYPE etcd_server_proposals_pending gauge
etcd proposal（提议）pending总次数（proposal就是完成raft协议的一次请求）
# HELP etcd_server_read_indexes_failed_total The total number of failed read indexes seen.
# TYPE etcd_server_read_indexes_failed_total counter
读取索引失败的次数统计(v3索引为所有key都建了索引，索引是为了加快range操作)
# HELP etcd_server_slow_read_indexes_total The total number of pending read indexes not in sync with leader's or timed out read index requests.
# TYPE etcd_server_slow_read_indexes_total counter
读取到过期索引或者读取超时的次数
# HELP etcd_server_quota_backend_bytes Current backend storage quota size in bytes.
# TYPE etcd_server_quota_backend_bytes gauge
当前后端的存储quota（db大小的上限）
通过参数quota-backend-bytes调整大小，默认2G，官方建议不超过8G
# HELP etcd_mvcc_db_total_size_in_bytes Total size of the underlying database physically allocated in bytes.
# TYPE etcd_mvcc_db_total_size_in_bytes gauge
etcd 分配的db大小（使用量大小+空闲大小）
# HELP etcd_mvcc_db_total_size_in_use_in_bytes Total size of the underlying database logically in use in bytes.
# TYPE etcd_mvcc_db_total_size_in_use_in_bytes gauge
etcd db的使用量大小
# HELP etcd_mvcc_range_total Total number of ranges seen by this member.
# TYPE etcd_mvcc_range_total counter
etcd执行range的数量
# HELP etcd_mvcc_put_total Total number of puts seen by this member.
# TYPE etcd_mvcc_put_total counter
etcd执行put的数量
# HELP etcd_mvcc_txn_total Total number of txns seen by this member.
# TYPE etcd_mvcc_txn_total counter
etcd实例执行事务的数量
# HELP etcd_mvcc_delete_total Total number of deletes seen by this member.
# TYPE etcd_mvcc_delete_total counter
etcd实例执行delete操作的数量
# HELP process_cpu_seconds_total Total user and system CPU time spent in seconds.
# TYPE process_cpu_seconds_total counter
etcd cpu使用量
# HELP process_resident_memory_bytes Resident memory size in bytes.
# TYPE process_resident_memory_bytes gauge
etcd 内存使用量
# HELP process_open_fds Number of open file descriptors.
# TYPE process_open_fds gauge
etcd 打开的fd数目(六)K8s-kubelet组件监控
接下来我们监控的就是k8s第二个模块salve-node的组件，kubelet监听有两个固定的端口，一个是10248，一个是10250，可以用ss -ntlp | grep kubelet命令查看。
10248是健康检测的端口，检测节点状态，可以使用curl localhost:10248/healthz查看
[root@k8s-master ~]# curl localhost:10248/healthz
ok
10250是kubelet默认的端口，/metrics接口就是在这个端口下，但是你不能直接通过这个端口获取metrics的数据，因为他有认证机制。 这一期我们还是讲使用Prometheus-agent的方式来采集metrics数据，下一期我们来通过认证使用daemonset的方式部署categraf来采集。
(1)配置Prometheus-agent configmap配置文件
跟上面的操作一样，在configmap下面添加名为kubelet的job字段即可，然后重新加载configmap的yaml文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
labels:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
namespace: flashcat
data:
prometheus.yml: |-
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'controller-manager'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-controller-manager;https-metrics
- job_name: 'scheduler'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-scheduler;https
- job_name: 'etcd'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: http
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;etcd;http
## 以下为添加的kubelete内容
- job_name: 'kubelet'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-kubelet;https
remote_write:
- url: 'http://192.168.120.17:17000/prometheus/v1/write'(2)配置kubelet的service和endpoints
跟之前一样我们要先查看本地有没有kubelet的endpoints如果没有就要添加。
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get endpoints -A | grep kubelet
##如果没有就添加
vim kubelet-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubelet
name: kube-kubelet
namespace: kube-system
spec:
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: https
port: 10250
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10250
sessionAffinity: None
type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Endpoints
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: kubelet
name: kube-kubelet
namespace: kube-system
subsets:
- addresses:
- ip: 192.168.120.101
- ip: 192.168.120.102 ##这里我们自定义的endpoint，这里添加的是需要监控的k8s节点，这里我写的是master的ip地址和node的IP地址
ports:
- name: https
port: 10250
protocol: TCP(3)测试指标
然后打开夜莺的web页面，查看指标是否采集上。 测试指标：kubelet_running_pods
导入仪表盘，仪表盘地址:categraf/dashboard-by-ident.json at main · · GitHub
kubelet相关指标意思：
# HELP go_gc_duration_seconds A summary of the pause duration of garbage collection cycles.
# TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summary
gc的时间统计(summary指标)
# HELP go_goroutines Number of goroutines that currently exist.
# TYPE go_goroutines gauge
goroutine 数量
# HELP go_threads Number of OS threads created.
# TYPE go_threads gauge
线程数量
# HELP kubelet_cgroup_manager_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Duration in seconds for cgroup manager operations. Broken down by method.
# TYPE kubelet_cgroup_manager_duration_seconds histogram
操作cgroup的时长分布，按照操作类型统计
# HELP kubelet_containers_per_pod_count [ALPHA] The number of containers per pod.
# TYPE kubelet_containers_per_pod_count histogram
pod中container数量的统计(spec.containers的数量)
# HELP kubelet_docker_operations_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Latency in seconds of Docker operations. Broken down by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_docker_operations_duration_seconds histogram
操作docker的时长分布，按照操作类型统计
# HELP kubelet_docker_operations_errors_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of Docker operation errors by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_docker_operations_errors_total counter
操作docker的错误累计次数，按照操作类型统计
# HELP kubelet_docker_operations_timeout_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of Docker operation timeout by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_docker_operations_timeout_total counter
操作docker的超时统计，按照操作类型统计
# HELP kubelet_docker_operations_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of Docker operations by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_docker_operations_total counter
操作docker的累计次数，按照操作类型统计
# HELP kubelet_eviction_stats_age_seconds [ALPHA] Time between when stats are collected, and when pod is evicted based on those stats by eviction signal
# TYPE kubelet_eviction_stats_age_seconds histogram
驱逐操作的时间分布，按照驱逐信号(原因)分类统计
# HELP kubelet_evictions [ALPHA] Cumulative number of pod evictions by eviction signal
# TYPE kubelet_evictions counter
驱逐次数统计，按照驱逐信号(原因)统计
# HELP kubelet_http_inflight_requests [ALPHA] Number of the inflight http requests
# TYPE kubelet_http_inflight_requests gauge
请求kubelet的inflight请求数,按照method path server_type统计, 注意与每秒的request数区别开
# HELP kubelet_http_requests_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Duration in seconds to serve http requests
# TYPE kubelet_http_requests_duration_seconds histogram
请求kubelet的请求时间统计, 按照method path server_type统计
# HELP kubelet_http_requests_total [ALPHA] Number of the http requests received since the server started
# TYPE kubelet_http_requests_total counter
请求kubelet的请求数统计,按照method path server_type统计
# HELP kubelet_managed_ephemeral_containers [ALPHA] Current number of ephemeral containers in pods managed by this kubelet. Ephemeral containers will be ignored if disabled by the EphemeralContainers feature gate, and this number will be 0.
# TYPE kubelet_managed_ephemeral_containers gauge
当前kubelet管理的临时容器数量
# HELP kubelet_network_plugin_operations_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Latency in seconds of network plugin operations. Broken down by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_network_plugin_operations_duration_seconds histogram
网络插件的操作耗时分布 ，按照操作类型(operation_type)统计, 如果 --feature-gates=EphemeralContainers=false, 否则一直为0
# HELP kubelet_network_plugin_operations_errors_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of network plugin operation errors by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_network_plugin_operations_errors_total counter
网络插件累计操作错误数统计，按照操作类型(operation_type)统计
# HELP kubelet_network_plugin_operations_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of network plugin operations by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_network_plugin_operations_total counter
网络插件累计操作数统计，按照操作类型(operation_type)统计
# HELP kubelet_node_name [ALPHA] The node's name. The count is always 1.
# TYPE kubelet_node_name gauge
node name
# HELP kubelet_pleg_discard_events [ALPHA] The number of discard events in PLEG.
# TYPE kubelet_pleg_discard_events counter
PLEG(pod lifecycle event generator) 丢弃的event数统计
# HELP kubelet_pleg_last_seen_seconds [ALPHA] Timestamp in seconds when PLEG was last seen active.
# TYPE kubelet_pleg_last_seen_seconds gauge
PLEG上次活跃的时间戳
# HELP kubelet_pleg_relist_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Duration in seconds for relisting pods in PLEG.
# TYPE kubelet_pleg_relist_duration_seconds histogram
PLEG relist pod时间分布
# HELP kubelet_pleg_relist_interval_seconds [ALPHA] Interval in seconds between relisting in PLEG.
# TYPE kubelet_pleg_relist_interval_seconds histogram
PLEG relist 间隔时间分布
# HELP kubelet_pod_start_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Duration in seconds for a single pod to go from pending to running.
# TYPE kubelet_pod_start_duration_seconds histogram
pod启动时间(从pending到running)分布, kubelet watch到pod时到pod中contianer都running后, watch各种source channel的pod变更
# HELP kubelet_pod_worker_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Duration in seconds to sync a single pod. Broken down by operation type: create, update, or sync
# TYPE kubelet_pod_worker_duration_seconds histogram
pod状态变化的时间分布， 按照操作类型(create update sync)统计, worker就是kubelet中处理一个pod的逻辑工作单位
# HELP kubelet_pod_worker_start_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Duration in seconds from seeing a pod to starting a worker.
# TYPE kubelet_pod_worker_start_duration_seconds histogram
kubelet watch到pod到worker启动的时间分布
# HELP kubelet_run_podsandbox_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Duration in seconds of the run_podsandbox operations. Broken down by RuntimeClass.Handler.
# TYPE kubelet_run_podsandbox_duration_seconds histogram
启动sandbox的时间分布
# HELP kubelet_run_podsandbox_errors_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of the run_podsandbox operation errors by RuntimeClass.Handler.
# TYPE kubelet_run_podsandbox_errors_total counter
启动sanbox出现error的总数
# HELP kubelet_running_containers [ALPHA] Number of containers currently running
# TYPE kubelet_running_containers gauge
当前containers运行状态的统计, 按照container状态统计，created running exited
# HELP kubelet_running_pods [ALPHA] Number of pods that have a running pod sandbox
# TYPE kubelet_running_pods gauge
当前处于running状态pod数量
# HELP kubelet_runtime_operations_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Duration in seconds of runtime operations. Broken down by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_runtime_operations_duration_seconds histogram
容器运行时的操作耗时(container在create list exec remove stop等的耗时)
# HELP kubelet_runtime_operations_errors_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of runtime operation errors by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_runtime_operations_errors_total counter
容器运行时的操作错误数统计(按操作类型统计)
# HELP kubelet_runtime_operations_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of runtime operations by operation type.
# TYPE kubelet_runtime_operations_total counter
容器运行时的操作总数统计(按操作类型统计)
# HELP kubelet_started_containers_errors_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of errors when starting containers
# TYPE kubelet_started_containers_errors_total counter
kubelet启动容器错误总数统计(按code和container_type统计)
code包括ErrImagePull ErrImageInspect ErrImagePull ErrRegistryUnavailable ErrInvalidImageName等
container_type一般为"container" "podsandbox"
# HELP kubelet_started_containers_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of containers started
# TYPE kubelet_started_containers_total counter
kubelet启动容器总数
# HELP kubelet_started_pods_errors_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of errors when starting pods
# TYPE kubelet_started_pods_errors_total counter
kubelet启动pod遇到的错误总数(只有创建sandbox遇到错误才会统计)
# HELP kubelet_started_pods_total [ALPHA] Cumulative number of pods started
# TYPE kubelet_started_pods_total counter
kubelet启动的pod总数
# HELP process_cpu_seconds_total Total user and system CPU time spent in seconds.
# TYPE process_cpu_seconds_total counter
统计cpu使用率
# HELP process_max_fds Maximum number of open file descriptors.
# TYPE process_max_fds gauge
允许进程打开的最大fd数
# HELP process_open_fds Number of open file descriptors.
# TYPE process_open_fds gauge
当前打开的fd数量
# HELP process_resident_memory_bytes Resident memory size in bytes.
# TYPE process_resident_memory_bytes gauge
进程驻留内存大小
# HELP process_start_time_seconds Start time of the process since unix epoch in seconds.
# TYPE process_start_time_seconds gauge
进程启动时间
# HELP rest_client_request_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Request latency in seconds. Broken down by verb and URL.
# TYPE rest_client_request_duration_seconds histogram
请求apiserver的耗时统计(按照url和请求类型统计verb)
# HELP rest_client_requests_total [ALPHA] Number of HTTP requests, partitioned by status code, method, and host.
# TYPE rest_client_requests_total counter
请求apiserver的总次数(按照返回码code和请求类型method统计)
# HELP storage_operation_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Storage operation duration
# TYPE storage_operation_duration_seconds histogram
存储操作耗时(按照存储plugin(configmap emptydir hostpath 等 )和operation_name分类统计)
# HELP volume_manager_total_volumes [ALPHA] Number of volumes in Volume Manager
# TYPE volume_manager_total_volumes gauge
本机挂载的volume数量统计(按照plugin_name和state统计
plugin_name包括"host-path" "empty-dir" "configmap" "projected")
state(desired_state_of_world期状态/actual_state_of_world实际状态)cadivisor指标梳理
# HELP container_cpu_cfs_periods_total Number of elapsed enforcement period intervals.
# TYPE container_cpu_cfs_periods_total counter
cfs时间片总数, 完全公平调度的时间片总数(分配到cpu的时间片数)
# HELP container_cpu_cfs_throttled_periods_total Number of throttled period intervals.
# TYPE container_cpu_cfs_throttled_periods_total counter
容器被throttle的时间片总数
# HELP container_cpu_cfs_throttled_seconds_total Total time duration the container has been throttled.
# TYPE container_cpu_cfs_throttled_seconds_total counter
容器被throttle的时间
# HELP container_file_descriptors Number of open file descriptors for the container.
# TYPE container_file_descriptors gauge
容器打开的fd数
# HELP container_memory_usage_bytes Current memory usage in bytes, including all memory regardless of when it was accessed
# TYPE container_memory_usage_bytes gauge
容器内存使用量，单位byte
# HELP container_network_receive_bytes_total Cumulative count of bytes received
# TYPE container_network_receive_bytes_total counter
容器入方向的流量
# HELP container_network_transmit_bytes_total Cumulative count of bytes transmitted
# TYPE container_network_transmit_bytes_total counter
容器出方向的流量
# HELP container_spec_cpu_period CPU period of the container.
# TYPE container_spec_cpu_period gauge
容器的cpu调度单位时间
# HELP container_spec_cpu_quota CPU quota of the container.
# TYPE container_spec_cpu_quota gauge
容器的cpu规格 ，除以单位调度时间可以计算核数
# HELP container_spec_memory_limit_bytes Memory limit for the container.
# TYPE container_spec_memory_limit_bytes gauge
容器的内存规格，单位byte
# HELP container_threads Number of threads running inside the container
# TYPE container_threads gauge
容器当前的线程数
# HELP container_threads_max Maximum number of threads allowed inside the container, infinity if value is zero
# TYPE container_threads_max gauge
允许容器启动的最大线程数(七)K8s-KubeProxy组件监控
KubeProxy 主要负责节点的网络管理，它在每个节点都会存在，是通过10249端口暴露监控指标。
这里指标采集我们也用上面的方法，使用Prometheus-agent的方式
(1)配置Prometheus-agent configmap配置文件
在之前的configmap的yaml文件中添加名为kube-proxy的job模块字段，添加完记得重新加载yaml文件和Prometheus-agent的pod
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
labels:
name: prometheus-agent-conf
namespace: flashcat
data:
prometheus.yml: |-
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'controller-manager'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-controller-manager;https-metrics
- job_name: 'scheduler'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-scheduler;https
- job_name: 'etcd'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: http
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;etcd;http
- job_name: 'kubelet'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
insecure_skip_verify: true
authorization:
credentials_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-kubelet;https
##这里是添加的模块
- job_name: 'kube-proxy'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: http
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: kube-system;kube-proxy;http
remote_write:
- url: 'http://192.168.120.17:17000/prometheus/v1/write'(2)配置kube-proxy的endpoints
跟之前一样，先查看有没有这个kube-proxy的endpoints如果没有添加。
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get endpoints -A | grep kube-pro
## 如果没有 添加service
vim kube-proxy-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: proxy
name: kube-proxy
namespace: kube-system
spec:
clusterIP: None
selector:
k8s-app: kube-proxy
ports:
- name: http
port: 10249
protocol: TCP
targetPort: 10249
sessionAffinity: None
type: ClusterIP(3)更改kube-proxy的metricsbindAddress
查看 kube-proxy 的10249端口是否绑定到127.0.0.1了，如果是就修改成0.0.0.0，通过kubectl edit cm -n kube-system kube-proxy修改metricsBindAddress即可
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl edit cm -n kube-system kube-proxy
......
......
......
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
metricsBindAddress: "0.0.0.0" ## 这里修改为0.0.0.0 即可
mode: ""
nodePortAddresses: null
oomScoreAdj: nul(4)指标测试
在夜莺的web页面输入指标测试:
kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds_bucket
导入监控大盘, 仪表盘json文件:https://github.com/flin/inputs/kube_proxy/dashboard-by-ident.json
kube-proxy关键指标含义:
# HELP go_gc_duration_seconds A summary of the pause duration of garbage collection cycles.
# TYPE go_gc_duration_seconds summary
gc时间
# HELP go_goroutines Number of goroutines that currently exist.
# TYPE go_goroutines gauge
goroutine数量
# HELP go_threads Number of OS threads created.
# TYPE go_threads gauge
线程数量
# HELP kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds [ALPHA] In Cluster Network Programming Latency in seconds
# TYPE kubeproxy_network_programming_duration_seconds histogram
service或者pod发生变化到kube-proxy规则同步完成时间指标含义较复杂，参照https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/sig-scalability/slos/network_programming_latency.md
# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds [ALPHA] SyncProxyRules latency in seconds
# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_duration_seconds histogram
规则同步耗时
# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_pending [ALPHA] Pending proxy rules Endpoint changes
# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_pending gauge
endpoint 发生变化后规则同步pending的次数
# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_total [ALPHA] Cumulative proxy rules Endpoint changes
# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_endpoint_changes_total counter
endpoint 发生变化后规则同步的总次数
# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_iptables_restore_failures_total [ALPHA] Cumulative proxy iptables restore failures
# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_iptables_restore_failures_total counter
本机上 iptables restore 失败的总次数
# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_queued_timestamp_seconds [ALPHA] The last time a sync of proxy rules was queued
# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_queued_timestamp_seconds gauge
最近一次规则同步的请求时间戳，如果比下一个指标 kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_timestamp_seconds 大很多，那说明同步 hung 住了
# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_timestamp_seconds [ALPHA] The last time proxy rules were successfully synced
# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_last_timestamp_seconds gauge
最近一次规则同步的完成时间戳
# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_pending [ALPHA] Pending proxy rules Service changes
# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_pending gauge
service变化引起的规则同步pending数量
# HELP kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_total [ALPHA] Cumulative proxy rules Service changes
# TYPE kubeproxy_sync_proxy_rules_service_changes_total counter
service变化引起的规则同步总数
# HELP process_cpu_seconds_total Total user and system CPU time spent in seconds.
# TYPE process_cpu_seconds_total counter
利用这个指标统计cpu使用率
# HELP process_max_fds Maximum number of open file descriptors.
# TYPE process_max_fds gauge
进程可以打开的最大fd数
# HELP process_open_fds Number of open file descriptors.
# TYPE process_open_fds gauge
进程当前打开的fd数
# HELP process_resident_memory_bytes Resident memory size in bytes.
# TYPE process_resident_memory_bytes gauge
统计内存使用大小
# HELP process_start_time_seconds Start time of the process since unix epoch in seconds.
# TYPE process_start_time_seconds gauge
进程启动时间戳
# HELP rest_client_request_duration_seconds [ALPHA] Request latency in seconds. Broken down by verb and URL.
# TYPE rest_client_request_duration_seconds histogram
请求 apiserver 的耗时(按照url和verb统计)
# HELP rest_client_requests_total [ALPHA] Number of HTTP requests, partitioned by status code, method, and host.
# TYPE rest_client_requests_total counter
请求 apiserver 的总数(按照code method host统计)最后的最后
夜莺监控k8s的方法夜莺的官网也做了合计专栏，有兴趣的伙伴可以去看看Kubernetes监控专栏，无论是指标还是原理，都做了解释初识Kubernetes -(flashcat.cloud)。如果在部署中遇到问题欢迎在本文章留言，24小时内必回复。
看完这一期肯定会有小伙伴会有疑问，我业务都跑pod上面，光监控这些组件没啥大用啊，我想知道总共有几个 Namespace，有几个 Service、Deployment、Statefulset，某个 Deployment 期望有几个 Pod 要运行，实际有几个 Pod 在运行，这些既有的指标就无法回答了。当然这一点肯定重中之重，这个问题我们下一期详细讲解使用使用 kube-state-metrics (KSM)监控 Kubernetes 对象,俗称KSM来监听各个Kubernetes对象的状态，生产指标暴露出来让我们查看。 还有下一期还会讲用daemonset的最佳实践方案来采集监控。