【f1c200s/f1c100s】Linux板卡刷写img镜像后对分区进行扩容/调整分区大小

使用img镜像刷写至SD卡确实启动系统方便，但是刷写后的的根文件系统分区一般都很小。这时候就需要启动系统后对根文件系统分区进行扩容。
自制img镜像的方法可以参考：使用genimage工具自制img系统镜像

主要流程

进行根文件系统扩容的主要流程为：

1. 确定根文件系统分区
2. 删除旧分区
3. 在原来的位置新建更大的分区
4. 使用工具resize分区

具体步骤

确定根文件系统分区

1. 使用fdisk工具查看根文件系统分区，如下所示，我这里为/dev/mmcblk0p2，大小仅为900M，也就是我们要扩容的分区。

   root@ubuntu:~# fdisk -l
   Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.8 GiB, 15829303296 bytes, 30916608 sectors
   Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disklabel type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x9dc0e9eb
   
   Device         Boot Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
   /dev/mmcblk0p1 *     2048   67583   65536   32M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
   /dev/mmcblk0p2      67584 1910783 1843200  900M 83 Linux
   

2. 使用fdisk工具对分区所在设备进行分区修改，

   root@ubuntu:~# fdisk /dev/mmcblk0    #指定p2分区所在设备
   
   Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.33.1).
   Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
   Be careful before using the write command.
   
   
   Command (m for help): p #打印下目前分区情况
   Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.8 GiB, 15829303296 bytes, 30916608 sectors
   Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disklabel type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x9dc0e9eb
   
   Device         Boot Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
   /dev/mmcblk0p1 *     2048   67583   65536   32M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
   /dev/mmcblk0p2      67584 1910783 1843200  900M 83 Linux
   
   

删除旧分区

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2

Partition 2 has been deleted.

在原来的位置新建更大的分区

1. 从之前删除分区开始的地方新建一个更大的分区，一般默认即可。

   Command (m for help): n #新建分区
   Partition type
      p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
      e   extended (container for logical partitions)
   Select (default p): p #选择为主分区
   Partition number (2-4, default 2): #默认回车
   First sector (67584-30916607, default 67584): #核对下是否为前面删除分区的开始位置，默认回车
   Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{
         
         K,M,G,T,P} (67584-30916607, default 30916607): #如果要占用剩下所有的sd卡的话，就默认回车，否则自行调整大小
   
   Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 14.7 GiB.
   Partition #2 contains a ext4 signature.
   
   Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n #这里一定要选择n,否则就失败了
   
   

2. 核对分区是否正确，大小从原来的900M变为了14.7G，也就是剩下的所有空间都给根文件系统了。

   Command (m for help): p #打印查看分区
   
   Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.8 GiB, 15829303296 bytes, 30916608 sectors
   Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
   Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
   Disklabel type: dos
   Disk identifier: 0x9dc0e9eb
   
   Device         Boot Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
   /dev/mmcblk0p1 *     2048    67583    65536   32M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
   /dev/mmcblk0p2      67584 30916607 30849024 14.7G 83 Linux
   
   Command (m for help): w #保存退出
   The partition table has been altered.
   Syncing disks.
   
   

使用resize2fs 对分区进行resize。

root@ubuntu:~# resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p2 #/dev/mmcblk0p2为新的更大的分区
resize2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
Filesystem at /d[ 4987.424680] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): resizing filesystem from 921600 to 15424512 blocks
ev/mmcblk0p2 is [ 4987.434179] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): Converting file system to meta_bg
mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 60
[ 4997.498500] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): resized to 6748321 blocks
[ 5007.540934] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): resized to 9596161 blocks
[ 5017.651059] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): resized to 11783041 blocks
[ 5027.800246] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): resized to 13578241 blocks
[ 5037.938371] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): resized to 15193921 blocks
[ 5039.459514] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): resized filesystem to 15424512
The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p2 is now 15424512 (1k) blocks long.