文章目录
一、Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡的组合原因
1.1 Nginx实现负载均衡的原理
Nginx实现负载均衡是通过反向代理实现Nginx服务器作为前端，Tomcat服务器作为后端，web页面请求由Nginx服务来进行转发。 但是不是把所有的web请求转发，而是将静态页面请求Ncinx服务器自己来处理，动态页面请求，转发给后端的Tomcat服务器来处理。据了解，Tomcat是属于轻量级的应用服务器，可接受访问量可能会不足，所以我们需要多台Tomcat服务器。并且Tomcat并发量处理能力弱（约Nginx的六分之一），所以需要Nginx方向代理时，进行合理的调用分配。
1.2 Nginx实现负载均衡的主要配置项
upstream 服务池名 { }
作用：配置后端服务器池，以提供响应数据
proxy_pass http:// 服务池名
作用：配置将访问请求转发给后端服务器池的服务器处理
1.3 Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡的组合的优点
Nginx 静态处理优势：Nginx 处理静态页面的效率远高于 Tomcat 的处理能力若 Tomcat 的请求量为1000次，则 Nginx 的请求量为6000次Tomcat 每秒的吞吐量为0.6M，Nginx 的每秒吞吐量为3.6MNginx 处理静态资源的能力是 Tomcat 处理的6倍
动静分离原理：服务端接收来自客户端的请求中，既有静态资源也有动态资源，静态资源由 Nginx 提供服务，动态资源由 Nginx 转发至后端。
1.4 Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡的实验设计
实验需求：某公司中有一台nginx服务器，两台tomcat服务器。要求部署出用户访问服务，静态资源由Nginx自行处理，jsp动态资源移交给tomcat服务器处理，且达到负载均衡的效果
实验部署图：
二、动静分离部署
Nginx 服务器：192.168.81.131:8080
Tomcat服务器1：192.168.81.129:8080
Tomcat服务器2：192.168.81.130:8080 192.168.81.130:8081
2.1 部署TOMCAT后端服务器
1、部署2台Tomcat 应用服务器
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_91
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${JRE_HOME}/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile
tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
mv /opt/apache-tomcat-8.5.16/ /usr/local/tomcat
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
netstat -ntap | grep 8080
2.动静分离配置
（1）Tomcat1 server 配置
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test
vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page</title> #指定为 test1 页面
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 1,http://www.test1.com");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
#由于主机名 name 配置都为 localhost，需要删除前面的 HOST 配置
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true">
</Context>
</Host>
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
（2）Tomcat2 server 配置
mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/webapps/test /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/webapps/test
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/webapps/test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title> #指定为 test2 页面
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 2,http://www.test2.com");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/conf/server.xml
#删除前面的 HOST 配置
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat1/bin/startup.sh
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/webapps/test/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test3 page</title> #指定为 test3 页面
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("动态页面 3,http://www.test3.com");%>
</body>
</html>
vim /usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/conf/server.xml
#删除前面的 HOST 配置
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Context docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/webapps/test" path="" reloadable="true" />
</Host>
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/shutdown.sh
/usr/local/tomcat/tomcat2/bin/startup.sh
2.2部署nginx服务器
1、安装 nginx
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
yum install nginx -y
vim etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
upstream backend_server {
server 192.168.81.129:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.81.130:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.81.130:8081 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~* .*\.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://backend_server;
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-REAL-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
2.3安装nginx动态服务器
192.168.81.131:80
192.168.81.132:80
进行用yum安装nginx
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
vim nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
修改default.conf 文件
vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default
upstream backend_server {
server 192.168.81.129:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.81.130:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.81.130:8081 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~* .*\.jsp$ {
proxy_pass http://backend_server;
proxy_set_header HOST $host;
proxy_set_header X-REAL-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
将这个文件复制到另一台主机上
安装客户机
192.168.81.133
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 1024;
}
stream {
upstream nginx_server {
server 192.168.81.132:80 weight=1;
server 192.168.81.133:80 weight=1;
}
server {
listen 80;
proxy_pass nginx_server;
}
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 8080;
server_name www.kgc.com;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
测试连通一下
