一、安装：
先卸载旧版本（没有也可以执行一遍）：
$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io
1、添加使用 HTTPS 传输的软件包以及 CA 证书。（建议提前更换镜像源，官方的不稳定）
镜像源（不需要更换镜像源请忽略执行最后面两句安装https软件包及ca证书）：
cd /etc/apt
mv sources.list sources.list.bak ##备份官方镜像源
echo "
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
" > sources.list ##创建新的sources.list文件并添加双引号中的内容
apt-get update ##更新一下
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
2、确保下载软件包的合法性，添加软件源的 GPG 密钥。
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg3、在文件sources.list 中添加 Docker 软件源：
echo \
"deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/debian \
$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
4.1、使用脚本快速安装：
curl -fsSL get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh ##下载脚本到当前目录下
sudo sh get-docker.sh --mirror Aliyun ##执行安装脚本
#启动 Docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker
4.2、使用apt命令安装
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
5、配置镜像加速
查看是否在 docker.service 文件中配置过镜像地址。
systemctl cat docker | grep '\-\-registry\-mirror'
有输出：
systemctl cat docker ## 查看 ExecStart= 出现的位置，修改对应的文件内容，去掉 --registry-mirror 参数及其值，并按接下来的步骤进行配置。
没有任何输出：
cd /etc/docker/
在文件daemon.json 中写（如果文件不存在请新建该文件）：
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://mirror.baidubce.com"
]
}
6、重新启动服务。
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
二、启动docker失败：
尝试了查找错误：failed to mount overlay: no such device storage-driver=overlay
修改：配置 /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"storage-driver": "overlay" （或overlay2）
}
尝试查找错误：docker.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'
修改：
打开daemon.json
sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
改为
{
"registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
}
重启
sudo service docker restart
尝试了修改info文件夹，尝试了删除/etc/systemd/system/下的docker.service文件，尝试卸载重新安装但是docker-ce卸载就失败。前面都是查找问题方向错误。
最终：
发现问题：
启动docker：
systemctl start docker
提示：
Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
按照提示输入命令systemctl status docker.service 或者 journalctl -xe查看具体错误内容
这里我使用journalctl -xe查到问题：
root@maixsense:~# journalctl -xe
░░ A stop job for unit docker.service has finished.
░░ A stop job for unit docker.service has finished.
May 18 09:35:17 maixsense systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Contai>
░░ Subject: A start job for unit docker.service has failed
...finished.
... result is done.
...arting Docker Application Container Engine...
...service has begun execution
...as begun execution.
...: time="2023-05-18T09:35:17.358555629+08:00" level=info msg="Starting up"
...: time="2023-05-18T09:35:17.428078905+08:00" level=error msg="failed to mount o>
...: time="2023-05-18T09:35:17.428367156+08:00" level=error msg="exec: \"fuse-over>
...: time="2023-05-18T09:35:17.442004810+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers>
...: time="2023-05-18T09:35:17.452457447+08:00" level=warning msg="Running modprob>
...: time="2023-05-18T09:35:17.475668859+08:00" level=info msg="unable to detect i>
...: time="2023-05-18T09:35:17.700487435+08:00" level=info msg="stopping event str>
...: failed to start daemon: Error initializing network controller: error obtainining network controller: error obtaining controller instance: failed to createAT chain DOCKER: iptables failed: iptables -t nat -N D OCKER: iptables v1.4.21: can't initialize iptables table `nat': Table does not exist (do you need to ins mod?)
: (exit status 1)
cker.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
重点找error！
解决：
将iptables用iptables-legacy替换：
sudo update-alternatives --set iptables /usr/sbin/iptables-legacy