Linux——shell脚本实例进阶篇

其他 2018-06-29 16:09:12 阅读次数: 0

实验一

利用case语句编写脚本，满足下列要求

1.执行create时根据userfile和passfile建立用户

2.执行delete时根据userfile删除用户

1.编写脚本：

[root@localhost mnt]# vim user_ctrl.sh
#!/bin/bash
read -p "Please input the operation (create or delete ): " OPERATION   
//输入你要执行的动作
case $OPERATION in
    create)              //第一种情况：create
    read -p "Please input the userfile : "   USERFILE     //提示输入文件
    [ -e $USERFILE ] || {                                  //判断是否存在
        echo "$USERFILE is not exist "
        exit 1
        }
    read -p "Please input the passwdfile ：  " PASSFILE
    [ -e $PASSFILE ] || {
        echo "$PASSFILE is not exist "
        exit 1
        }
    USERLINE=`awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $USERFILE`  //计算userfile文件行数
    for LINE_NUM in `seq 1 $USERLINE`  //利用循环建立
    do
        USERNAME=`sed -n "${LINE_NUM}p" $USERFILE` //截取userfile文件第一行内容
        PASSWORD=`sed -n "${LINE_NUM}p" $PASSFILE` //截取passfile文件第一行内容
        useradd $USERNAME                                //建立用户
        echo $PASSWORD | passwd --stdin $USERNAME
    done
    ;;
    delete)      //第二种情况：delete
    read -p "Please input the userfile ： "   USERFILE
    [ -e $USERFILE ] || {
        echo "$USERFILE is not exist "
        exit 1
        }
    USERLINE=`awk 'BEGIN{N=0}{N++}END{print N}' $USERFILE`
    for LINE_NUM in `seq 1 $USERLINE`
    do
                USERNAME=`sed -n "${LINE_NUM}p" $USERFILE`
                userdel -r $USERNAME
    done
    ;;
    *)                       //第三种情况：其余各种情况
    echo Eorror!
    ;;
esac

这里写图片描述

2.执行：

[root@localhost mnt]# cat userfile 
user1
user2
user3
[root@localhost mnt]# cat passfile 
123
456
789
[root@localhost mnt]# sh user_ctrl.sh user 
Please input the operation (create or delete ): hello   //输入错误动作
Eorror!
[root@localhost mnt]# sh user_ctrl.sh user 
Please input the operation (create or delete ): create
Please input the userfile : user                        //输入错误文件
user is not exist 
[root@localhost mnt]# sh user_ctrl.sh user 
Please input the operation (create or delete ): create
Please input the userfile : userfile
Please input the passwdfile ：  passfile               //建立用户
Changing password for user user1.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user user2.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Changing password for user user3.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@localhost mnt]# sh user_ctrl.sh user 
Please input the operation (create or delete ): delete   //删除用户
Please input the userfile ： userfile
[root@localhost mnt]# id user1
id: user1: no such user

这里写图片描述
这里写图片描述

实验二

编写脚本auto_connect.exp满足要求：

执行：/mnt/auto_connect.exp IP password 时 密码正确，则通过 ssh 连接到该 IP 主机，并保持登陆。

1.编写脚本：
[root@foundation71 mnt]# vim auto_connect.sh 
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/expect << EOF     //切换到expect环境
spawn ssh root@$1        //ssh连接IP
expect {
    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }   //确认连接
    "password" { send "$2\r" }              //输入密码
}
Interact               //保留
EOF                   //退出

这里写图片描述

2.执行：
[root@foundation71 mnt]# chmod +x auto_connect.sh   //添加可执行权限
[root@foundation71 mnt]# sh auto_connect.sh 172.25.254.226 redhat  //添加IP和密码
spawn ssh root@172.25.254.226
The authenticity of host '172.25.254.226 (172.25.254.226)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is eb:24:0e:07:96:26:b1:04:c2:37:0c:78:2d:bc:b0:08.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.25.254.226' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password: [root@foundation71 mnt]#   //自动化连接

这里写图片描述

实验三

编写脚本，当执行脚本host_ping.sh时，ping各个主机IP ，ping通，显示该IP的 hostname以及IP ，不能 ping 通，报错并显示 IP。

1.编写脚本：
#!/bin/bash
Auto_Connect()
{
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
set timeout 5
spawn ssh root@172.25.254.$IP_NUM hostname
expect {
    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
    "password:" { send "westos\r" }
}
expect eof
EOF
}
for IP_NUM in {71..72}
do
    ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$IP_NUM &> /dev/null && {
    Host_Name=`Auto_Connect | grep -E "authenticity|fingerprint|connecting|password|spawn|Warning" -v`   //过滤掉警告等语句
    }
    echo "      $Host_Name 172.25.254.$IP_NUM"
done

这里写图片描述

2.执行：
##注意此时会出现一个覆盖问题
[root@foundation71 mnt]# sh host_ping.sh  //执行未显示主机名
 172.25.254.226 
 172.25.254.227 
[root@foundation71 mnt]# sh  -x host_ping.sh 
+ for IP_NUM in '{226..227}'
+ ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.226
++ Auto_Connect
++ grep -E 'authenticity|fingerprint|connecting|password|spawn|Warning' -v
++ /usr/bin/expect
+ Host_Name=$'localhost\r'         
//此时这里有主机名，但是后面自动加了/r，这是因为expect是unix工具，在unix系统中/r是换行，但在linux中成了回车，会覆盖之前内容。
 172.25.254.226 '
 172.25.254.226 
+ for IP_NUM in '{226..227}'
+ ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.227
 172.25.254.227 '
 172.25.254.227

这里写图片描述

3.我们将脚本做一个调整
#!/bin/bash
Auto_Connect()
{
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
set timeout 5
spawn ssh root@172.25.254.$IP_NUM hostname
expect {
    yes/no { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
    password { send "redhat\r" }
}
expect eof
EOF
}
for IP_NUM in {226..227}
do
    ping -c1 -w1 172.25.254.$IP_NUM &> /dev/null && {
        Host_Name=`Auto_Connect | grep -E "authenticity|fingerprint|connecting|password|spawn|Warning" -v`
    }
    echo  "$Host_Name 172.25.254.$IP_NUM " | sed 's/\r//g'     //将全文的/r换为空。
done

这里写图片描述

4.此时执行
[root@foundation71 mnt]# sh host_ping.sh   //成功
localhost 172.25.254.226 
localhost 172.25.254.227

这里写图片描述

实验四

利用case语句备份数据库，要求

1.执行db_dump.sh westos (数据库密码）
2.脚本执行后会备份数据库中的所有数据到/mnt/mysqldump目录下
3.备份文件名称为“库名称.sql”,当此文件存在是跳过，并询问动作
4.输入”s“跳过备份，输入”b“备份“库名称.sql”文件为”库名称_backup.sql”，输入”o“覆盖原文件
1.编写脚本：
#!/bin/bash
DATABASE=`mysql -uroot -EN -e "show databases;" | grep -E "^\*|schema$" -v`
mkdir -p /mnt/mysqldump   //建立目录
for DATABASE_NAME in $DATABASE
do
    [ -e "/mnt/mysqldump/${DATABASE_NAME}.sql" ] || {
    mysqldump -uroot $DATABASE_NAME > /mnt/mysqldump/${DATABASE_NAME}.sql
    echo -e "${DATABASE_NAME}.sql is backup!!"    //文件不存在，备份
    } && {                                            //文件存在时询问动作
    read -p "[S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: " ACTION
    ACTION=`echo $ACTION | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'`
    case $ACTION in
        s)                      //直接跳过
        ;;
        b)                     //更新名字备份
        mysqldump -uroot $DATABASE_NAME > /mnt/mysqldump/${DATABASE_NAME}_backup.sql
        echo  "${DATABASE_NAME}_backup.sql is backup!!"
        ;;
        o)                      //覆盖备份
        mysqldump -uroot $DATABASE_NAME > /mnt/mysqldump/${DATABASE_NAME}.sql
        echo  "${DATABASE_NAME}.sql is overwrite!!"
        ;;
        exit)                    //退出
        echo  "bye"
        exit 0
        ;;
        *)                     //其他显示错误
        echo  error
    esac
    }
done

这里写图片描述

2.执行
[root@localhost mnt]# sh db_dump.sh         
linux.sql is backup!!
[S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: s
mysql.sql is backup!!
[S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: exit
bye
[root@localhost mnt]# sh db_dump.sh 
[S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: b
linux_backup.sql is backup!!
[S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: exit
bye
[root@localhost mnt]# sh db_dump.sh 
[S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: o
linux.sql is overwrite!!
[S]kip [B]ackup [O]verwrite  Please input action: exit
bye

这里写图片描述

实验五

脚本要求：

1执行脚本 lamp.sh
2.脚本执行后部署好论坛，并设定 apache 的网络接口为 8080
1.编写脚本：
真机中执行脚本
#!/bin/bash
Auto_Discuz()
{
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
set timeout 30
spawn ssh root@$1
expect {
    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
    "password:" { send "westos\r" }
}
expect "]#" { send "yum install httpd -y\r" }
expect "]#" { send "yum install mariadb-server -y\r"}
expect "]#" { send "yum install php-mysql.x86_64 -y\r"}
expect "]#" { send "systemctl start httpd\r" }
expect "]#" { send "systemctl start mariadb\r" }
expect eof
EOF
}
Auto_Connect()
{
/usr/bin/expect  << EOF
set timeout 30
spawn ssh root@$1
expect {
    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
    "password:" { send "westos\r" }
}
expect "]#" { send "cd /var/www/html/\r" }
expect "]#" { send "unzip /var/www/html/Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip >> /dev/null \r" }
expect "]#" { send "chmod 777 /var/www/html/upload/ -R\r" }
expect "]#" { send "systemctl restart httpd\r" }
expect eof
EOF
}
Auto_Httpd()
{
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
set timeout 30
spawn ssh root@$1
expect {
    "yes/no" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
    "password:" { send "westos\r" }
}
expect "]#" { send "sed "/^Listen/cListen 8080" -i /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf\r" }
expect "]#" { send "yum restart httpd -y\r" }
expect eof
EOF
}
yum install expect -y
Auto_Discuz $1
scp /home/kiosk/Downloads/Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip root@$1:/var/www/html
Auto_Connect $1
firefox -new-tab $1/upload/install
Auto_Httpd $1

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