前言
Swift 请看点击此处
本文将从以下几方面介绍WKWebView:
1、WKWebView涉及的一些类
2、WKWebView涉及的代理方法
3、网页内容加载进度条的实现
4、JS和OC的交互
5、本地HTML文件的实现
一、WKWebView涉及的一些类
WKWebView:网页的渲染与展示
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注意: #
import
<webkit webkit.h=
""
>
//初始化
_webView = [[WKWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(
0
,
0
, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT) configuration:config];
// UI代理
_webView.UIDelegate = self;
// 导航代理
_webView.navigationDelegate = self;
// 是否允许手势左滑返回上一级, 类似导航控制的左滑返回
_webView.allowsBackForwardNavigationGestures = YES;
//可返回的页面列表, 存储已打开过的网页
WKBackForwardList * backForwardList = [_webView backForwardList];
// NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.chinadaily.com.cn"]];
// [request addValue:[self readCurrentCookieWithDomain:@"http://www.chinadaily.com.cn"] forHTTPHeaderField:@"Cookie"];
// [_webView loadRequest:request];
//页面后退
[_webView goBack];
//页面前进
[_webView goForward];
//刷新当前页面
[_webView reload];
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@
"JStoOC.html"
ofType:nil];
NSString *htmlString = [[NSString alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
//加载本地html文件
[_webView loadHTMLString:htmlString baseURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath]]];</webkit>
|
WKWebViewConfiguration:为添加WKWebView配置信息
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//创建网页配置对象
WKWebViewConfiguration *config = [[WKWebViewConfiguration alloc] init];
// 创建设置对象
WKPreferences *preference = [[WKPreferences alloc]init];
//最小字体大小 当将javaScriptEnabled属性设置为NO时,可以看到明显的效果
preference.minimumFontSize =
0
;
//设置是否支持javaScript 默认是支持的
preference.javaScriptEnabled = YES;
// 在iOS上默认为NO,表示是否允许不经过用户交互由javaScript自动打开窗口
preference.javaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically = YES;
config.preferences = preference;
// 是使用h5的视频播放器在线播放, 还是使用原生播放器全屏播放
config.allowsInlineMediaPlayback = YES;
//设置视频是否需要用户手动播放 设置为NO则会允许自动播放
config.requiresUserActionForMediaPlayback = YES;
//设置是否允许画中画技术 在特定设备上有效
config.allowsPictureInPictureMediaPlayback = YES;
//设置请求的User-Agent信息中应用程序名称 iOS9后可用
config.applicationNameForUserAgent = @
"ChinaDailyForiPad"
;
//自定义的WKScriptMessageHandler 是为了解决内存不释放的问题
WeakWebViewScriptMessageDelegate *weakScriptMessageDelegate = [[WeakWebViewScriptMessageDelegate alloc] initWithDelegate:self];
//这个类主要用来做native与JavaScript的交互管理
WKUserContentController * wkUController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
//注册一个name为jsToOcNoPrams的js方法
[wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:weakScriptMessageDelegate name:@
"jsToOcNoPrams"
];
[wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:weakScriptMessageDelegate name:@
"jsToOcWithPrams"
];
config.userContentController = wkUController;
|
WKUserScript:用于进行JavaScript注入
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//以下代码适配文本大小,由UIWebView换为WKWebView后,会发现字体小了很多,这应该是WKWebView与html的兼容问题,解决办法是修改原网页,要么我们手动注入JS
NSString *jSString = @
"var meta = document.createElement('meta'); meta.setAttribute('name', 'viewport'); meta.setAttribute('content', 'width=device-width'); document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta);"
;
//用于进行JavaScript注入
WKUserScript *wkUScript = [[WKUserScript alloc] initWithSource:jSString injectionTime:WKUserScriptInjectionTimeAtDocumentEnd forMainFrameOnly:YES];
[config.userContentController addUserScript:wkUScript];
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WKUserContentController:这个类主要用来做native与JavaScript的交互管理
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//这个类主要用来做native与JavaScript的交互管理
WKUserContentController * wkUController = [[WKUserContentController alloc] init];
//注册一个name为jsToOcNoPrams的js方法,设置处理接收JS方法的代理
[wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@
"jsToOcNoPrams"
];
[wkUController addScriptMessageHandler:self name:@
"jsToOcWithPrams"
];
config.userContentController = wkUController;
//用完记得移除
//移除注册的js方法
[[_webView configuration].userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@
"jsToOcNoPrams"
];
[[_webView configuration].userContentController removeScriptMessageHandlerForName:@
"jsToOcWithPrams"
];
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WKScriptMessageHandler:这个协议类专门用来处理监听JavaScript方法从而调用原生OC方法,和WKUserContentController搭配使用。
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注意:遵守WKScriptMessageHandler协议,代理是由WKUserContentControl设置
//通过接收JS传出消息的name进行捕捉的回调方法
- (
void
)userContentController:(WKUserContentController *)userContentController didReceiveScriptMessage:(WKScriptMessage *)message{
NSLog(@
"name:%@\\\\n body:%@\\\\n frameInfo:%@\\\\n"
,message.name,message.body,message.frameInfo);
//用message.body获得JS传出的参数体
NSDictionary * parameter = message.body;
//JS调用OC
if
([message.name isEqualToString:@
"jsToOcNoPrams"
]){
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@
"js调用到了oc"
message:@
"不带参数"
preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@
"OK"
style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
}])];
[self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
else
if
([message.name isEqualToString:@
"jsToOcWithPrams"
]){
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@
"js调用到了oc"
message:parameter[@
"params"
] preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@
"OK"
style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
}])];
[self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
}
|
二、WKWebView涉及的代理方法
WKNavigationDelegate :主要处理一些跳转、加载处理操作
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// 页面开始加载时调用
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didStartProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
}
// 页面加载失败时调用
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailProvisionalNavigation:(null_unspecified WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error {
[self.progressView setProgress:
0
.0f animated:NO];
}
// 当内容开始返回时调用
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didCommitNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
}
// 页面加载完成之后调用
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFinishNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
[self getCookie];
}
//提交发生错误时调用
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didFailNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation withError:(NSError *)error {
[self.progressView setProgress:
0
.0f animated:NO];
}
// 接收到服务器跳转请求即服务重定向时之后调用
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveServerRedirectForProvisionalNavigation:(WKNavigation *)navigation {
}
// 根据WebView对于即将跳转的HTTP请求头信息和相关信息来决定是否跳转
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(
void
(^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler {
NSString * urlStr = navigationAction.request.URL.absoluteString;
NSLog(@
"发送跳转请求:%@"
,urlStr);
//自己定义的协议头
if
([urlStr hasPrefix:htmlHeadString]){
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@
"通过截取URL调用OC"
message:@
"你想前往我的Github主页?"
preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@
"取消"
style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
}])];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@
"打开"
style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:[urlStr stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@
"github://callName_?"
withString:@
""
]];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:url];
}])];
[self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyCancel);
}
else
{
decisionHandler(WKNavigationActionPolicyAllow);
}
}
// 根据客户端受到的服务器响应头以及response相关信息来决定是否可以跳转
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationResponse:(WKNavigationResponse *)navigationResponse decisionHandler:(
void
(^)(WKNavigationResponsePolicy))decisionHandler{
NSString * urlStr = navigationResponse.response.URL.absoluteString;
NSLog(@
"当前跳转地址:%@"
,urlStr);
//允许跳转
decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyAllow);
//不允许跳转
//decisionHandler(WKNavigationResponsePolicyCancel);
}
//需要响应身份验证时调用 同样在block中需要传入用户身份凭证
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge completionHandler:(
void
(^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential * _Nullable credential))completionHandler{
//用户身份信息
NSURLCredential * newCred = [[NSURLCredential alloc] initWithUser:@
"user123"
password:@
"123"
persistence:NSURLCredentialPersistenceNone];
//为 challenge 的发送方提供 credential
[challenge.sender useCredential:newCred forAuthenticationChallenge:challenge];
completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential,newCred);
}
//进程被终止时调用
- (
void
)webViewWebContentProcessDidTerminate:(WKWebView *)webView{
}
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WKUIDelegate :主要处理JS脚本,确认框,警告框等
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/**
* web界面中有弹出警告框时调用
*
* @param webView 实现该代理的webview
* @param message 警告框中的内容
* @param completionHandler 警告框消失调用
*/
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(
void
(^)(
void
))completionHandler {
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@
"HTML的弹出框"
message:message?:@
""
preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@
"OK"
style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
completionHandler();
}])];
[self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
// 确认框
//JavaScript调用confirm方法后回调的方法 confirm是js中的确定框,需要在block中把用户选择的情况传递进去
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptConfirmPanelWithMessage:(NSString *)message initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(
void
(^)(BOOL))completionHandler{
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@
""
message:message?:@
""
preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@
"Cancel"
style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
completionHandler(NO);
}])];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@
"OK"
style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
completionHandler(YES);
}])];
[self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
// 输入框
//JavaScript调用prompt方法后回调的方法 prompt是js中的输入框 需要在block中把用户输入的信息传入
- (
void
)webView:(WKWebView *)webView runJavaScriptTextInputPanelWithPrompt:(NSString *)prompt defaultText:(NSString *)defaultText initiatedByFrame:(WKFrameInfo *)frame completionHandler:(
void
(^)(NSString * _Nullable))completionHandler{
UIAlertController *alertController = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:prompt message:@
""
preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];
[alertController addTextFieldWithConfigurationHandler:^(UITextField * _Nonnull textField) {
textField.text = defaultText;
}];
[alertController addAction:([UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@
"OK"
style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction * _Nonnull action) {
completionHandler(alertController.textFields[
0
].text?:@
""
);
}])];
[self presentViewController:alertController animated:YES completion:nil];
}
// 页面是弹出窗口 _blank 处理
- (WKWebView *)webView:(WKWebView *)webView createWebViewWithConfiguration:(WKWebViewConfiguration *)configuration forNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction windowFeatures:(WKWindowFeatures *)windowFeatures {
if
(!navigationAction.targetFrame.isMainFrame) {
[webView loadRequest:navigationAction.request];
}
return
nil;
}
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三、网页内容加载进度条的实现
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//添加监测网页加载进度的观察者
[self.webView addObserver:self
forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@
"estimatedProgress"
)
options:
0
context:nil];
//添加监测网页标题title的观察者
[self.webView addObserver:self
forKeyPath:@
"title"
options:NSKeyValueObservingOptionNew
context:nil];
//kvo 监听进度 必须实现此方法
-(
void
)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
ofObject:(id)object
change:(NSDictionary<nskeyvaluechangekey,id> *)change
context:(
void
*)context{
if
([keyPath isEqualToString:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))]
&& object == _webView) {
NSLog(@
"网页加载进度 = %f"
,_webView.estimatedProgress);
self.progressView.progress = _webView.estimatedProgress;
if
(_webView.estimatedProgress >=
1
.0f) {
dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)(
0.3
* NSEC_PER_SEC)), dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
self.progressView.progress =
0
;
});
}
}
else
if
([keyPath isEqualToString:@
"title"
]
&& object == _webView){
self.navigationItem.title = _webView.title;
}
else
{
[
super
observeValueForKeyPath:keyPath
ofObject:object
change:change
context:context];
}
}
//移除观察者
[_webView removeObserver:self
forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(estimatedProgress))];
[_webView removeObserver:self
forKeyPath:NSStringFromSelector(@selector(title))];</nskeyvaluechangekey,id>
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四、JS和OC的交互
JS调用OC
这个实现主要是依靠WKScriptMessageHandler协议类和WKUserContentController两个类:WKUserContentController对象负责注册JS方法,设置处理接收JS方法的代理,代理遵守WKScriptMessageHandler,实现捕捉到JS消息的回调方法,详情可以看第一步中对这两个类的介绍。
OC调用JS
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//OC调用JS changeColor()是JS方法名,completionHandler是异步回调block
NSString *jsString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@
"changeColor('%@')"
, @
"Js参数"
];
[_webView evaluateJavaScript:jsString completionHandler:^(id _Nullable data, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@
"改变HTML的背景色"
);
}];
//改变字体大小 调用原生JS方法
NSString *jsFont = [NSString stringWithFormat:@
"document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0].style.webkitTextSizeAdjust= '%d%%'"
, arc4random()%
99
+
100
];
[_webView evaluateJavaScript:jsFont completionHandler:nil];
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五、本地HTML文件的实现
由于示例Demo的需要以及知识有限,我用仅知的HTML、CSS、JavaScript的一点皮毛写了一个HTML文件,比较业余,大神勿喷
小白想学习这方面的知识可以看这里: http://www.w3school.com.cn/index.html
我用MAC自带的文本编辑工具,生成一个文件,改后缀名,强转为.html文件,同时还需要设置文本编辑打开HTML文件时显示代码(如下图),然后编辑代码。
文本编辑偏好设置.png
文章来自: http://www.cocoachina.com/ios/20180615/23826.html