创建物理分区
1.先关闭VMware虚拟机，然后给虚拟机添加一块硬盘。启动虚拟机，可以看到新增的5G磁盘已经添加到OS中
[root@MySql ~]# lsblk #也可以用fdisk -l 查看
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 4.8G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 2.8G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 2.接下来给新的磁盘进行分区
[root@MySql ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0xeff16f4b 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-10485759，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759，默认为 10485759)：
将使用默认值 10485759
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 5 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。3.这里如果提示繁忙，无法读取新分区信息。可以使用partprobe命令重新读取分区表，或者重启机器。
再次查看，可以看到新分区sdb1已经创建完成
[root@MySql ~]# partprobe
[root@MySql ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 5G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 4.8G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 2.8G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 2G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 5G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 0 5G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom 对文件系统扩容
1.用刚刚创建的物理分区，创建物理卷
[root@MySql ~]# lvm
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.查看物理卷
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size 4.80 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1229
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 1229
PV UUID fUyUrb-uDgm-B9cd-bD3Z-pxdf-JUbU-LAH9wM
"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<5.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size <5.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID Y9ULMT-erVO-8qWB-jI69-HNYo-cMAW-Rh160Y2.然后将我们新创建的物理卷加入到卷组中，首先查看卷组
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 4.80 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 1229
Alloc PE / Size 1229 / 4.80 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID erHYO3-H0e0-wwPC-oQdE-PKwi-Ngyf-qLJ3mr使用命令vgextend “VG Name” “PV Name” 将卷加入到卷组中
lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended再次查看卷组
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <9.80 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2508
Alloc PE / Size 1229 / 4.80 GiB
Free PE / Size 1279 / <5.00 GiB
VG UUID erHYO3-H0e0-wwPC-oQdE-PKwi-Ngyf-qLJ3mr3.对比前后两次卷组中的”Free PE / Size”项，可以看到可用空间已经增加了5G。接下来就是给我们的根目录扩容了。
查看逻辑卷
lvm> lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID Z4QISM-hM0R-L7R7-8d7p-qOHY-k1Yp-RiRVEo
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time nfs1, 2018-06-29 14:47:34 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID l25zVr-8ad7-86sD-I6YF-gnDQ-254e-ySTiLN
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time nfs1, 2018-06-29 14:47:35 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 2.80 GiB
Current LE 717
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0使用lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root #将剩余空间都添加到逻辑卷中
lvm> lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 2.80 GiB (717 extents) to <7.80 GiB (1996 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.再次查看,可以看到LV Size已经变成了7.8g
lvm> lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID Z4QISM-hM0R-L7R7-8d7p-qOHY-k1Yp-RiRVEo
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time nfs1, 2018-06-29 14:47:34 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 2.00 GiB
Current LE 512
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID l25zVr-8ad7-86sD-I6YF-gnDQ-254e-ySTiLN
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time nfs1, 2018-06-29 14:47:35 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <7.80 GiB
Current LE 1996
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:04.此时只是对逻辑卷扩容了，还要同步到文件系统，实现真正对根目录的扩容
使用xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root命令(centos6中 用resize2fs /dev/centos/root)
[root@MySql ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 2.8G 1.2G 1.7G 42% /
devtmpfs 899M 0 899M 0% /dev
tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 911M 9.4M 902M 2% /run
tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 116M 81M 59% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
[root@MySql ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=183552 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=734208, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 734208 to 2043904
[root@MySql ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 7.8G 1.2G 6.7G 15% /
devtmpfs 899M 0 899M 0% /dev
tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 911M 9.4M 902M 2% /run
tmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 116M 81M 59% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0到此，扩容完成。
注：3.中lvextend -l +100%FREE 后面也可以直接跟 文件系统 “lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-root”
后面用 xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root 命令同步