最近有安装了一次hadoop集群，NameNode启动失败，查看日志，找到以下原因：
遇到的异常1：
org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.InconsistentFSStateException: Directory /tmp/hadoop-javoft/dfs/name is in an inconsistent state: storage di rectory does not exist or is not accessible.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSImage.recoverTransitionRead(FSImage.java:291)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSDirectory.loadFSImage(FSDirectory.java:97)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.initialize(FSNamesystem.java:379)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.<init>(FSNamesystem.java:353)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.initialize(NameNode.java:254)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:434)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.createNameNode(NameNode.java:1153)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.main(NameNode.java:1162)
2018-08-04 12:48:43,125 ERROR org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode: org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.InconsistentFSStateException : Directory /tmp/hadoop-javoft/dfs/name is in an inconsistent state: storage directory does not exist or is not accessible.
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSImage.recoverTransitionRead(FSImage.java:291)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSDirectory.loadFSImage(FSDirectory.java:97)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.initialize(FSNamesystem.java:379)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.<init>(FSNamesystem.java:353)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.initialize(NameNode.java:254)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:434)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.createNameNode(NameNode.java:1153)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.main(NameNode.java:1162)
2018-08-04 12:48:43,126 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
发生这个异常的原因及解决办法：
原因：
storage directory does not exist or is not accessible，（存储目录不存在或不可访问）；
解决办法：
在core-site.xml文件中配置一个一个属性，覆盖掉默认的属性，即可解决上述的问题
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/opt/soft/hadoop-2.7.6/hadoopdata</value>
</property>
遇到的异常2：
2018-08-04 16:11:51,515 ERROR org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode: Failed to start namenode
java.net.BindException: Problem binding to [master:9000] java.net.BindException: Cannot assign requested address; For more details see: http://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/BindException
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.wrapWithMessage(NetUtils.java:792)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.NetUtils.wrapException(NetUtils.java:721)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server.bind(Server.java:484)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Listener.<init>(Server.java:690)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server.<init>(Server.java:2379)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.<init>(RPC.java:951)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server.<init>(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:534)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine.getServer(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:509)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Builder.build(RPC.java:796)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.<init>(NameNodeRpcServer.java:351)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.createRpcServer(NameNode.java:675)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.initialize(NameNode.java:648)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:820)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.<init>(NameNode.java:804)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.createNameNode(NameNode.java:1516)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.main(NameNode.java:1582)
Caused by: java.net.BindException: Cannot assign requested address
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind0(Native Method)
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:433)
at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:425)
at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketChannelImpl.bind(ServerSocketChannelImpl.java:223)
at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketAdaptor.bind(ServerSocketAdaptor.java:74)
at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server.bind(Server.java:467)
... 13 more
2018-08-04 16:11:51,518 INFO org.apache.hadoop.util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 1
2018-08-04 16:11:51,526 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
发生这个异常的原因及解决办法：
原因：
可能是hosts的配置的问题（Cannot assign requested address），这里可以查看本机的hosts与自己core-site.xml中的配置是否一致。我的问题也是这样的；
解决办法：
首先通过hostname，查看本机的ip绑定的机器名。
[root@wang ~]# hostname
wang
查看core-site.xml文件中的配置的信息
[root@wang ~]# cat $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
贴出与主机名匹配的配置：
<property> <name>fs.defaultFS</name> <value>hdfs://wang:9000</value> </property>
这两个名字一致，就能解决上面遇到的异常。