spring自动装配之@Qualifier注解的使用

当存在两个类型一致的bean时,将会有什么情况出现。我们一起来看看下面的例子:

例子

说明:如果已经看了上一篇教程,可以直接跳到第二步

第一步:创建bean

Customer类

package com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 
public class Customer {
    //即将自动装配的属性
    private Person person;
    private String type;
    @Autowired
    public Customer(Person person) {
        this.person = person;
    }
    //getter and setter methods
    //toString methods
}

Person类

package com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation;
 
public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    //getter and setter methods
    //toString methods
}

第二步:修改beans.xml配置文件

说明:这里存在了两个person bean,一个是person1,一个是person2

<!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
  <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor">
  <bean class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Customer" id="customer">
        <property name="type" value="user"></property>
  </bean>
  <bean class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person" id="person1">
        <property name="name" value="jack">
        <property name="age" value="18">
  </property></property></bean>
  <bean class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person" id="person2">
        <property name="name" value="tom">
        <property name="age" value="28">
  </property></property></bean>
</bean></beans>

第三步:编写测试代码

@Test
public void test(){
 
    ApplicationContext context = 
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/main/autowrite/autowired/annotation/beans.xml");
 
    Customer customer = (Customer)context.getBean("customer");
 
    System.out.print(customer.toString());
}

测试结果如下:(抛出异常)


这是因为Customer在进行自动装配时,不清楚要装载person1,还是要装载person2,这时我们就应该使用@Qualifier注解来告诉它,我们想要的是哪一个


这是因为Customer在进行自动装配时,不清楚要装载person1,还是要装载person2,这时我们就应该使用@Qualifier注解来告诉它,我们想要的是哪一个!

为解决上述问题,这里引入@Qualifier注解

@Qualifier示例

修改你的Customer类如下:

package com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation;
 
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
 
public class Customer {
    //即将自动装配的属性
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("person2")
    private Person person;
    private String type;
 
    //getter and setter methods 
    //toString methods
}
修改你的beans.xml配置文件如下:

此时应该将引入spring上下文以及context:annotation-config标签

<!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
  <context:annotation-config>
  <bean class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Customer" id="customer">
        <property name="type" value="user"></property>
  </bean>
  <bean class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person" id="person1">
 
        <property name="name" value="jack">
        <property name="age" value="18">
  </property></property></bean>
  <bean class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person" id="person2">
        <property name="name" value="tom">
        <property name="age" value="28">
  </property></property></bean>
</context:annotation-config></beans>

此时Customer bean将会自动装配person2 bean

运行结果如下:



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转载自blog.csdn.net/liliang_11676/article/details/80628041